Book ChapterDOI
Measures of Association for Cross Classifications III: Approximate Sampling Theory
Leo A. Goodman,William Kruskal +1 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors derived large sample normal distributions with their associated standard errors for various measures of association and various methods of sampling and explained how the large sample normality may be used to test hypotheses about the measures and about differences between them, and to construct corresponding confidence intervals.Abstract:
The population measures of association for cross classifications, discussed in the authors' prior publications, have sample analogues that are approximately normally distributed for large samples. (Some qualifications and restrictions are necessary.) These large sample normal distributions with their associated standard errors, are derived for various measures of association and various methods of sampling. It is explained how the large sample normality may be used to test hypotheses about the measures and about differences between them, and to construct corresponding confidence intervals. Numerical results are given about the adequacy of the large sample normal approximations. In order to facilitate extension of the large sample results to other measures of association, and to other modes of sampling, than those treated here, the basic manipulative tools of large sample theory are explained and illustrated.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Multivariate Analysis of Ordinal Measures
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors defined measures of partial association of any order using the notions of variation and covariation of ordinal measures, which are equivalent to partial correlation and regression coefficients computed on signed differences of pairs of observations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The communication of dynamics between musicians and listeners through musical performance.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the relationship among the following: (1) the dynamics of a piece of music that professional performers intend to convey to listeners; (2) the intensity of tones produced by the performers; and (3) the listeners' perception of the dynamic of performances, as examined in the listening experiment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Correlation of Multidetector CT Findings with Splenic Arteriography and Surgery : Prospective Study in 392 Patients
Helen Marmery,Kathirkamanathan Shanmuganathan,Stuart E. Mirvis,Howard M. Richard,Clint W. Sliker,Lisa A. Miller,James M. Haan,David Witlus,Thomas M. Scalea +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the accuracy of contrastenhanced multidetector CT (MDCT) in demonstrating splenic vascular injury based on results of splenic angiography and operation was evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Categorical Data Analysis: Some Reflections on the Log Linear Model and Logistic Regression. Part I: Historical and Methodological Overview*
TL;DR: In this article, a matrix formulation of the general log linear model for product-multinomial random counts is exploited to study the relationship between maximum likelihood and weighted least squares approaches to model fitting.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Failing Medical Educational Model: A Self-Assessment by Physicians at All Levels of Training of Ability and Comfort to Deliver Bad News
TL;DR: Independent of level of training, this study reveals a lack of self-assessed preparedness from many responsible for delivering bad news to patients and families, suggesting a significant barrier to improvement is the disproportionate level ofSelf-assessment comfort versus knowledge level.
References
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Book
Measures of association for cross classifications
Leo A. Goodman,William Kruskal +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a number of alternative measures are considered, almost all based upon a probabilistic model for activity to which the cross-classification may typically lead, and only the case in which the population is completely known is considered, so no question of sampling or measurement error appears.
Book ChapterDOI
A Class of Statistics with Asymptotically Normal Distribution
TL;DR: In this article, the authors considered the problem of estimating a U-statistic of the population characteristic of a regular functional function, where the sum ∑″ is extended over all permutations (α 1, α m ) of different integers, 1 α≤ (αi≤ n, n).
Journal ArticleDOI
Ordinal Measures of Association
TL;DR: The three measures considered at length are the quadrant measure, Kendall's tau, and Spearman's rho as mentioned in this paper, with emphasis on the probabilistic and operational interpretations of their population values.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Central Limit Theorem for Dependent Random Variables
TL;DR: The central limit theorem has been extended to the case of dependent random variables by several authors (Bruns, Markoff, S. Bernstein, P. Levy, and Loeve) as mentioned in this paper.