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Mechanical design in organisms

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TLDR
This book reviews biological structural materials and systems and their mechanically important features and demonstrates that function at any particular level of biological integration is permitted and controlled by structure at lower levels of integration.
Abstract
This book deals with an interface between mechanical engineering and biology. Available for the first time in paperback, it reviews biological structural materials and systems and their mechanically important features and demonstrates that function at any particular level of biological integration is permitted and controlled by structure at lower levels of integration. Five chapters discuss the properties of materials in general and those of biomaterials in particular. The authors examine the design of skeletal elements and discuss animal and plant systems in terms of mechanical design. In a concluding chapter they investigate organisms in their environments and the insights gained from study of the mechanical aspects of their lives.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Bioinspired structural materials

TL;DR: The common design motifs of a range of natural structural materials are reviewed, and the difficulties associated with the design and fabrication of synthetic structures that mimic the structural and mechanical characteristics of their natural counterparts are discussed.
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Nature’s hierarchical materials

TL;DR: In this paper, the basic principles involved in designing hierarchical biological materials, such as cellular and composite architectures, adapative growth and as well as remodeling, are discussed, and examples that are found to utilize these strategies include wood, bone, tendon, and glass sponges.
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Biological materials: Structure and mechanical properties

TL;DR: In this article, the basic building blocks are described, starting with the 20 amino acids and proceeding to polypeptides, polysaccharides, and polyprotein-saccharide.
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Bone Quality — The Material and Structural Basis of Bone Strength and Fragility

TL;DR: In this article, a review discusses advances in knowledge regarding the composition and structure of bone, the modeling and remodeling of bone and the formation of bone during growth and its reconstruction in adults.
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Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae

TL;DR: This work provides the first direct experimental evidence for dry adhesion of gecko setae by van der Waals forces, and suggests a possible design principle underlying the repeated, convergent evolution of dry adhesive microstructures in gecko, anoles, skinks, and insects.