Journal ArticleDOI
Mental rotations, a group test of three-dimensional spatial visualization.
Steven G. Vandenberg,A. R. Kuse +1 more
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TLDR
A paper-and-pencil test of spatial visualization was constructed from the figures used in the chronometric study of Shepard and Metzler (1971) as discussed by the authors, which showed substantial internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson 20 =.88), a test-retest reliability (83), and consistent sex differences over the entire range of ages investigated.Abstract:
A new paper-and-pencil test of spatial visualization was constructed from the figures used in the chronometric study of Shepard and Metzler (1971). In large samples, the new test displayed substantial internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson 20 = .88), a test-retest reliability (.83), and consistent sex differences over the entire range of ages investigated. Correlations with other measures indicated strong association with tests of spatial visualization and virtually no association with tests of verbal ability.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: a meta-analysis.
Marcia C. Linn,Anne C. Petersen +1 more
TL;DR: Meta-analysis is used, a method for synthesizing empirical studies, to investigate sex differences in spatial ability and suggests that sex differences arise on some types of spatial ability but not others, and that, when sex differences are found, they can be detected across the life span.
Journal ArticleDOI
Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities: a meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables.
TL;DR: Results showed that sex differences are significant in several tests but that some intertest differences exist, and partial support was found for the notion that the magnitude of sex differences has decreased in recent years.
Sex Differences in
TL;DR: In this paper, a study suggests that there are sex differences in vocational attitude maturity, with the relationship being higher for males than for females, and the self-concept variables of self-satisfaction, family, and moral-ethical self were found to contribute to the attitude maturity of males.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial ability for STEM domains: Aligning over 50 years of cumulative psychological knowledge solidifies its importance.
TL;DR: The importance of spatial ability in educational pursuits and the world of work was examined in this article, with particular attention devoted to STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) domains.
Journal ArticleDOI
The malleability of spatial skills: a meta-analysis of training studies.
David H. Uttal,Nathaniel G. Meadow,Elizabeth Tipton,Linda Liu Hand,Alison R. Alden,Christopher M. Warren,Nora S. Newcombe +6 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that spatially enriched education could pay substantial dividends in increasing participation in mathematics, science, and engineering.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects
TL;DR: The time required to recognize that two perspective drawings portray objects of the same three-dimensional shape is found to be a linearly increasing function of the angular difference in the portrayed orientations of the two objects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive Abilities: Use of Family Data as a Control to Assess Sex and Age Differences in Two Ethnic Groups:
James R. Wilson,J. C. De Fries,G. E. Mc Clearn,Steven G. Vandenberg,Ronald C. Johnson,M. N. Rashad +5 more
TL;DR: Four cognitive factors were extracted from test data obtained on 997 families (3,268 individuals) in Hawaii, and differential rates of cognitive development were indicated when the data were stratified by ethnicity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parent–offspring resemblance for specific cognitive abilities in two ethnic groups
John C. DeFries,John C. DeFries,Geoffrey C. Ashton,Geoffrey C. Ashton,Ronald C. Johnson,Ronald C. Johnson,A. R. Kuse,A. R. Kuse,G. E. Mcclearn,G. E. Mcclearn,M. P. Mi,M. P. Mi,M. N. Rashad,M. N. Rashad,Steven G. Vandenberg,Steven G. Vandenberg,James R. Wilson,James R. Wilson +17 more
TL;DR: These measures provide upper-bound estimates for the heritability of performance on the individual tests and factor scores in addition to a test of the hypothesis that spatial visualisation ability is influenced by a sex-linked major gene.
Journal ArticleDOI
Near Identity of Cognitive Structure in Two Ethnic Groups
John C. DeFries,Steven G. Vandenberg,Ge Mcclearn,A. R. Kuse,James R. Wilson,Geoffrey C. Ashton,Ronald C. Johnson +6 more
TL;DR: Principal component analyses (varimax rotations) yielded the same four major cognitive factors for each of the two ethnic groups, and these factors are defined by strikingly similar factor loadings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex-linked major-gene influences on selected types of spatial performance.
TL;DR: There was evidence of sex limitation and a small amount of assortative mating, but no evidence of incomplete dominance in females, and environmental or non-sex-linked genetic factors influenced spatial performance but did not systematically improve performance with age.
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Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: a meta-analysis.
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