Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial water quality concerns for water supply use
TLDR
In this paper, the authors proposed a multiple barrier approach in wastewater treatment, controlled storm water releases, and water supply enhancement, which can be accomplished through the application of a multiple-barrier approach.Abstract:
The greatest impact of water pollution on public health comes through drinking water, the source of which may be degraded by point and nonpoint pollution sources including municipal wastewater, storm water runoff, agricultural drainage, and food processing. While water treatment technology can successfully process poor quality source waters containing in excess of 2000 fecal coliforms/100 mL to produce potable water that meets the accepted drinking water standards, there is serious concern that the barriers to microbial breakthrough in the finished water may prove to be dangerously thin. Any momentary break in the treatment train could allow substantial levels of microorganisms to enter the final product—potable water.
The burden of water quality enhancement should be a shared responsibility among all discharges and downstream users of these irreplaceable resources. Much can be accomplished through the application of a multiple barrier approach in wastewater treatment, controlled storm water releases, and water supply enhancement. Dischargers must seek to minimize pathogen releases, reduce particulate dispersion, and diminish organics in effluents. These factors impact heavily on the effectiveness of wastewater disinfection. Furthermore, with passage downstream to the water intake, these organic residuals may be the precursors of disinfection by-products created during drinking water treatment. Some water supply operations must revise their treatment practices to provide better protection from the passage of protozoan cysts and enhance the removal of organics before applying disinfection. Disinfection of water supply is critical and will only be consistently effective in a clean processed water.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Urban stormwater quality: Summary of contaminant data
TL;DR: A literature review to identify and quantify contaminant data available on storm water is presented in this article, focusing on work that presented specific chemical, physical, and biological parameters rather than the traditionally used overall water quality parameters, such as biochemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial hazards in irrigation water: standards, norms, and testing to manage use of water in fresh produce primary production.
Mieke Uyttendaele,Lee-Ann Jaykus,Philip Amoah,Alessandro Chiodini,David Cunliffe,Liesbeth Jacxsens,Kevin Holvoet,Lise Korsten,Mathew Lau,Peter McClure,Gertjan Medema,Imca Sampers,Pratima Rao Jasti +12 more
TL;DR: The ILSI Europe Emerging Microbiological Issues Task Force as discussed by the authors reviewed the status of, and provided suggestions for, consideration by different stakeholders on water and sanitation and its impact on food safety and public health.
Journal ArticleDOI
The implications of groundwater velocity variations on microbial transport and wellhead protection: review of field evidence
TL;DR: It is critical to recognise the limited protection afforded by source protection measures that disregard rapid, statistically extreme groundwater velocities transporting pathogenic microorganisms, particularly in areas dependent upon untreated groundwater supplies.
Microbiological quality of drinking water of urban and rural communities, Brazil Qualidade microbiológica de água potável de comunidades urbanas e rurais, Paraná
Giovani Nogueira,Celso Vataru Nakamura,Maria Cb Tognim,Benício Alves de Abreu Filho,Benedito Prado Dias Filho +4 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the microbiological quality of treated and untreated water samples came from urban and rural communities and examined the relationship between coliforms occurrence and average water temperature, and a comparison of the rainfall levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbiological quality of drinking water of urban and rural communities, Brazil
Giovani Nogueira,Celso Vataru Nakamura,Maria Cristina Bronharo Tognim,Benício Alves de Abreu Filho,Benedito Prado Dias Filho +4 more
TL;DR: Insufficient treatment or regrowth is suggested by the observation that more than 17% of these treated potable water contained coliform, and TC and FC positive samples appear to be similar and seasonally influenced in treated water.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Waterborne Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis in Normal Hosts
Richard G. D'antonio,Richard E. Winn,Jeffery P. Taylor,Tracy L. Gustafson,William L. Current,Mamie M. Rhodes,G. William Gary,Robert A. Zajac +7 more
TL;DR: In July 1984, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred in a suburban community in Texas and Cryptosporidium was identified as the etiologic agent.
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TL;DR: The genus Klebsiella is seemingly ubiquitous in terms of its habitat associations, but phenotypic and genotypic studies have shown that "K. pneumoniae" actually consists of at least four species, all with distinct characteristics and habitats.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Richard L. Vogt,Harold E. Sours,Timothy Barrett,Roger A. Feldman,Roger J. Dickinson,Linden E. Witherell +5 more
TL;DR: Investigation showed that the entire water system was probably contaminated and the source of contamination was the main unfiltered water source.