Micronutrients and intrauterine infection, preterm birth and the fetal inflammatory response syndrome
TLDR
The pathophysiology of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome is reviewed, as is its relationship to long-term handicap, such as cerebral palsy and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Abstract:
Prematurity is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Intrauterine infection has emerged as a major cause of premature labor and delivery. It has been estimated that 25% of all preterm deliveries occur to mothers who have microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, although these infections are mostly subclinical in nature. This article describes the pathways leading to intrauterine infection, microbiology, frequency and clinical consequences of infection. The pathophysiology of the fetal inflammatory response syndrome is reviewed, as is its relationship to long-term handicap, such as cerebral palsy and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A possible role for two micronutrients, vitamins C and E, in the prevention of the preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and the consequences of fetal inflammation is considered. Research needs are listed.read more
Citations
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The unique immunological and microbial aspects of pregnancy
TL;DR: Recent evidence that supports the idea that immunological responses at the receptive maternal–fetal interface are not simply suppressed but are instead highly dynamic is discussed.
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Iron and Oxidative Stress in Pregnancy
TL;DR: Estimates of gestational iron requirements and of the proportion of iron absorbed from different iron supplemental doses suggest that with present supplementation schemes the intestinal mucosal cells are constantly exposed to unabsorbed iron excess and oxidative stress.
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Divergent Trophoblast Responses to Bacterial Products Mediated by TLRs
Vikki M. Abrahams,Paulomi Bole-Aldo,Yeon Mee Kim,Shawn L. Straszewski-Chavez,Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa,Roberto Romero,Gil Mor +6 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that certain intrauterine infections may directly induce trophoblast cell death through TLR-2, a novel mechanism of pathogenesis for certain pregnancy complications in which there is engagement of the innate immune system.
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Epidemiology of cerebral palsy.
Eve Blair,Linda Watson +1 more
TL;DR: The definition and differential classification of cerebral palsy is discussed, trends in its frequency over time stratified by associated variables are described, and the most recent findings concerning its aetiology are reviewed.
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Chorioamnionitis and cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis.
Jobe Shatrov,Samuel C. M. Birch,Lawrence T. Lam,Julie A. Quinlivan,Sarah McIntyre,George L. Mendz +5 more
TL;DR: The significant association of clinical or histological chorioamnionitis with cerebral palsy suggested that clinical strategies to prevent or reduce chorioamsionitis would lead to a reduction in cerebral palsies.
References
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Fetal exposure to an intra-amniotic inflammation and the development of cerebral palsy at the age of three years
Bo Hyun Yoon,Roberto Romero,Joong Shin Park,Chong Jai Kim,Seung Hyup Kim,Jung Hwan Choi,Tai Ryoon Han +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determined whether fetal exposure to intra-amniotic inflammation and a systemic fetal inflammatory response (funisitis) are associated with the development of cerebral palsy at the age of 3 years.