Journal ArticleDOI
Modelling and control of the dispersion of hazardous heavy gases
Faisal Khan,Shahid Abbas Abbasi +1 more
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In this article, the effects of wind speed, density of the gas, and venting speed on the plume dispersion have been simulated and a set of empirical equations have been developed.Abstract:
Dispersion of several common `heavy' gases (ethylene, propylene, ammonia, and chlorine) has been modelled on the basis of modifications in plume path theory. The model takes into account, among other things, the variations in temperature, density, and specific heat during the movement of the heavy gas plume. The effects of wind speed, density of the gas, and venting speed on the plume dispersion have been simulated. Based on the simulations a set of empirical equations has been developed. The equations have been validated by theoretical as well as experimental studies. Studies have also been carried out to simulate the effect of venting speed (manipulated by injecting hot air with the released gas) on the plume dispersion. The study reveals that the effect of venting speed on dispersion is very pronounced and can be used to reduce the risk posed by the accidental luxurious release of toxic/flammable gases. For example an increase of 20% in venting speed of chlorine (54.1 m/s) can reduce the distance up to which toxic concentration would occur by about 1100 meters.read more
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Methods and models in process safety and risk management: Past, present and future
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed past progress in the development of methods and models for process safety and risk management and highlighted the present research trends; also it outlines the opinions of the authors regarding the future research direction in the field.
Journal ArticleDOI
The study of a method of regional environmental risk assessment.
Linyu Xu,Guiyou Liu +1 more
TL;DR: The results derived from this information diffusion method will help the local government to optimize the distribution of industrial areas and establish risk prevention measurements and emergency management procedures.
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Sensitivity analysis of Phast’s atmospheric dispersion model for three toxic materials (nitric oxide, ammonia, chlorine)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of a parametric sensitivity analysis of a widely used model for atmospheric dispersion of toxic gases, in order better to understand the influence of user-adjustable parameters on model outputs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heavy gas dispersion modelling over a topographically complex mesoscale: a CFD based approach
TL;DR: In this article, the possibility of simulating the dispersion of heavy gas clouds over a large topographically complex area (tens of km) by a general purpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mitigation of Ammonia Dispersion with Mesh Barrier under Various Atmospheric Stability Conditions
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of mesh barrier on free dispersion of ammonia was numerically investigated under different atmospheric conditions, and the results clearly showed that the flow behavior was a direct result of mesh size and ammonia dispersion is highly influenced by these changes in flow patterns in downstream.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A new method for the calculation of the plume path of gases emitted by a stack
TL;DR: In this paper, a new method has been developed for the calculation of the plume path of gases emitted by a stack into an atmosphere with wind, taking into account the zone of flow establishment, and also the turbulence and stratification of the atmosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Unsteady gravity current flows over obstacles: Some observations and analysis related to the phase II trials
TL;DR: The Phase II trials at Thorney Island were designed to provide a few full-scale results of the interaction of heavy gas clouds with surface-mounted obstacles and the results are preliminary, and largely qualitative, because the concentration and other quantitative measurements are not yet available as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Behavior of Dense Stack Gases
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of Dense Stack Gases is discussed. But the authors do not discuss the effect of different types of stack gases on the behavior and performance of the air pollution control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plume behaviors observed using lidar and SF6 tracer at a flat and hilly site
TL;DR: In this paper, two field experiments, one at Kincaid, IL, in flat terrain, the other at Bull Run, TN, in rolling terrain, were conducted under the auspices of the Electric Power Research Institute's (EPRI) Plume Model Validation and Development program.
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Modelling and simulation of heavy gas dispersion on the basis of modifications in plume path theory
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