Nicotine Levels in Electronic Cigarettes
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TLDR
In ECs, which vaporize nicotine effectively, the amount inhaled from 15 puffs is lower compared with smoking a conventional cigarette, but EC brands and models differ in their efficacy and consistency of nicotine vaporization.Abstract:
Introduction: The electronic cigarette (EC) is a plastic device that imitates conventional cigarettes and was developed to deliver nicotine in a toxin-free vapor. Nicotine in a solution is heated and vaporized when a person puffs through the device and is inhaled as a vapor into the mouth. The EC is a new product on the market and little is known about its safety and nicotine delivery efficacy. The aim of the study was to analyze nicotine levels in vapor generated from various EC brands and models. The study was designed to assess efficacy and consistency of various ECs in converting nicotine to vapor and to analyze dynamics of nicotine vaporization. Methods: Sixteen ECs were selected based on their popularity in the Polish, U.K. and U.S. markets. Vapors were generated using an automatic smoking machine modified to simulate puffing con ditions of real EC users. Nicotine was absorbed in a set of washing bottles with methanol and analyzed with gas chromatography. Results: The total level of nicotine in vapor generated by 20 series of 15 puffs varied from 0.5 to 15.4 mg. Most of the analyzed ECs effectively delivered nicotine during the first 150–180 puffs. On an average, 50%–60% of nicotine from a cartridge was vaporized. Conclusions: ECs generate vapor that contains nicotine, but EC brands and models differ in their efficacy and consistency of nicotine vaporization. In ECs, which vaporize nicotine effectively, the amount inhaled from 15 puffs is lower compared with smoking a conventional cigarette.read more
Citations
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Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on Various Organ Systems.
TL;DR: The research on the effects of e-cigarettes on multiple physiological systems is reviewed, the association between e-cigarette use and combustible cigarette uptake and cessation is examined, and research necessary to build consensus is highlighted.
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Examining Daily Electronic Cigarette Puff Topography Among Established and Nonestablished Cigarette Smokers in their Natural Environment.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that topography characteristics differ by level of established cigarette smoking, which suggests that exposure to constituents of e-cigarettes depends on user characteristics and that specific topography parameters may be needed for different user populations when assessing e-cigarette health effects.
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The Electronic Cigarette: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
TL;DR: Electronic cigarettes are an increasingly popular device that could serve as a gateway into traditional cigarette smoking or illicit drugs and carry some harmful aspects as they contain formaldehyde and formaldehyde-forming hemiacetals as well as potentially toxic particulate matter that deposits on surfaces.
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Compensatory Puffing With Lower Nicotine Concentration E-liquids Increases Carbonyl Exposure in E-cigarette Aerosols
TL;DR: It is suggested that limiting nicotine concentrations to 20 mg/mL may not result in the desired harm minimalization effect, and pragmatic empirical data on the potential risks of compensatory puffing behaviors in vapers can help to inform future regulatory decisions on nicotine e-liquid concentrations.
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Position statement on electronic cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems.
Tara Singh Bam,Bellew W,Berezhnova I,Angela Jackson-Morris,A Jones,Ehsan Latif,Molinari Ma,G Quan,Rana J Singh,Wisotzky M,Lung Disease +10 more
TL;DR: The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease strongly supports the regulation of the manufacture, marketing and sale of electronic cigarettes or ENDS; the preferred option is to regulate ECs orENDS as medicines.
References
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TL;DR: The 16 mg Ruyan V8 ENDD alleviated desire to smoke after overnight abstinence, was well tolerated and had a pharmacokinetic profile more like the Nicorette inhalator than a tobacco cigarette.
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A Clinical Laboratory Model for Evaluating the Acute Effects of Electronic “Cigarettes”: Nicotine Delivery Profile and Cardiovascular and Subjective Effects
TL;DR: Under these acute testing conditions, neither of the electronic cigarettes exposed users to measurable levels of nicotine or CO, although both suppressed nicotine/tobacco abstinence symptom ratings and increased product acceptability ratings.
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Electronic cigarettes as a harm reduction strategy for tobacco control: A step forward or a repeat of past mistakes?
Zachary Cahn,Michael Siegel +1 more
TL;DR: Electronic cigarettes show tremendous promise in the fight against tobacco-related morbidity and mortality and by dramatically expanding the potential for harm reduction strategies to achieve substantial health gains, they may fundamentally alter the tobacco harm reduction debate.
ARTICLES Doses of Nicotine and Lung Carcinogens Delivered to Cigarette Smokers
TL;DR: The FTC protocol underestimates nicotine and carcinogen doses to smokers and overestimates the proportional benefit of low-yield cigarettes, so FTC-based nicotine medication doses prescribed/recommended for smoking cessation may need to be reassessed.
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Doses of Nicotine and Lung Carcinogens Delivered to Cigarette Smokers
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a pressure transducer system to evaluate puffing characteristics for 133 smokers of cigarettes rated by the FTC at 1.2 mg of nicotine or less.
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