Journal ArticleDOI
Peridomestic Breeding and Resting Sites of Sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Bihar, India
TLDR
The findings will assist in mapping of peridomestic breeding and resting sites of sandflies which will be of immense help during implementation of control programs for the disease in Bihar, India.Abstract:
Bihar has been endemic for Visceral Leishmaniasis for over a century and shares approximately 90 percent cases of India. The Old World sandflies are mostly endophilic and endophagic. However, outdoor breeding sites were found in the peridomestic areas of human dwellings and cattle sheds from one to 100 meters distant. Sandflies were collected using CDC light traps from between abandoned wells covered with wild plants, bushes of bamboo (Bambusa bambos), banana (Musa sapientum) and wild herbs, old stacks of bricks covered with smaller plants making the environment cool and providing food to larvae from organic debris due to litter. The resting sandflies were also collected by aspirator and flash light from the dwellings and cattle sheds. The findings will assist in mapping of peridomestic breeding and resting sites of sandflies which will be of immense help during implementation of control programs for the disease in Bihar, India.read more
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Longlasting insecticidal nets for prevention of Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal: paired cluster randomised trial.
Albert Picado,Shri Prakash Singh,Suman Rijal,Shyam Sundar,Bart Ostyn,François Chappuis,Surendra Uranw,Kamlesh Gidwani,Basudha Khanal,Madhukar Rai,Ishwari Sharma Paudel,Murari Lal Das,Rajiv Kumar,Pankaj Srivastava,Jean-Claude Dujardin,Veerle Vanlerberghe,Elisabeth Wreford Andersen,Clive R. Davies,Marleen Boelaert +18 more
TL;DR: There is no evidence that large scale distribution of longlasting insecticidal nets provides additional protection against visceral leishmaniasis compared with existing control practice in the Indian subcontinent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent: a comparison of predictions from three transmission models.
Epke A. Le Rutte,Lloyd A. C. Chapman,Luc E. Coffeng,Sarah Jervis,Epco Hasker,Shweta Dwivedi,M. Karthick,Aritra Das,Tanmay Mahapatra,Indrajit Chaudhuri,Marleen Boelaert,Graham F. Medley,Sridhar Srikantiah,T. Déirdre Hollingsworth,Sake J. de Vlas +14 more
TL;DR: Three transmission models of visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent with structural differences regarding the disease stage that provides the main contribution to transmission are presented, including models with a prominent role of asymptomatic infection.
Journal Article
Vector control interventions for visceral leishmaniasis elimination initiative in South Asia, 2005-2010.
TL;DR: A review of studies published in the period 2005-2010 on the efficacy of different tools to control Phlebotomus argentipes indicates that the current indoor residual spraying (IRS) and novel vector control methods mainly insecticide treated nets (ITN) have low effectiveness.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiologic Correlates of Mortality among Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis Cases: Findings from Situation Assessment in High Endemic Foci in India.
Aritra Das,M. Karthick,Shweta Dwivedi,Indranath Banerjee,Tanmay Mahapatra,Sridhar Srikantiah,Indrajit Chaudhuri +6 more
TL;DR: Mortality reduction efforts in Bihar should focus on improving access to early diagnosis, quality treatment and treatment-adherence measures, with special emphasis on marginalized communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in the Vaishali district of Bihar, India: spatial patterns and role of inland water bodies.
Gouri Sankar Bhunia,Shreekant Kesari,Nandini Chatterjee,Dilip Kumar Pal,Vijay Kumar,Alok Ranjan,Pradeep Das +6 more
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that inland water presence poses a risk for VL by offering suitable breeding sites for P. argentipes, a fact that should be taken into account when attempting to control disease transmission.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Failure of Pentavalent Antimony in Visceral Leishmaniasis in India: Report from the Center of the Indian Epidemic
Shyam Sundar,Deepak K. More,Manoj Kumar Singh,Vijay P. Singh,Sashi Sharma,Anand Makharia,Prasanna C. K. Kumar,Henry W. Murray +7 more
TL;DR: In India, 320 patients with visceral leishmaniasis received identical pentavalent antimony (Sb) treatment, and Sb induced long-term cure in 35% of those in Bihar versus 86% (95% CI, 79%-93%) of Those in Uttar Pradesh.
Journal Article
Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in India.
TL;DR: Until a safe and effective vaccine is developed, a combination of sandfly control, detection and treatment of patients and prevention of drug resistance is the best approach for controlling kala-azar.
Journal ArticleDOI
Natural breeding places of phlebotomine sandflies.
TL;DR: Methods of finding larvae and pupae of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are described and the known types of breeding sites used by sandflies are listed and the proven or suspected vectors of leishmaniases are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Short-course of oral miltefosine for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
Shyam Sundar,Anand Makharia,Deepak K. More,Gaurav Agrawal,Andreas Voss,Christina Fischer,Peter Bachmann,Henry W. Murray +7 more
TL;DR: A total of 54 Indian patients with visceral leishmaniasis were treated with oral miltefosine, 50 mg given twice daily, for 14 days, 21 days, or 28 days, and cure was achieved in 89% of groups A, 100% of group B, and 100%" of group C.