Journal ArticleDOI
Physiologic dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. I. Regional cerebral blood flow evidence.
TLDR
Autonomic arousal measures, the pattern of WCS errors, and results of complementary studies suggest that the DLPFC finding is linked to regionally specific cognitive function and is not a nonspecific epiphenomenon.Abstract:
• To evaluate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) physiology and function simultaneously, 20 medication-free patients with chronic schizophrenia and 25 normal controls underwent three separate xenon Xe 133 inhalation procedures for determination of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF): first at rest, then while performing an automated version of the Wisconsin Card Sort (WCS), a DLPFC-specific cognitive test, and while peforming a simple number-matching (NM) test. During rest, patients had significantly reduced relative, but not absolute, rCBF to DLPFC. During NM, no specific region differentiated patients from controls. During WCS, however, both absolute and relative rCBF to DLPFC significantly distinguished patients from controls. While controls showed a clear increase in DLPFC rCBF, patients did not. The changes were regionally specific, involving only DLPFC. Furthermore, in patients, DLPFC rCBF correlated positively with WCS cognitive performance, suggesting that the better DLPFC was able to function, the better patients could perform. Autonomic arousal measures, the pattern of WCS errors, and results of complementary studies suggest that the DLPFC finding is linked to regionally specific cognitive function and is not a nonspecific epiphenomenon.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia
TL;DR: The findings suggest that nonspecific histopathology exists in the limbic system, diencephalon, and prefrontal cortex, that the pathology occurs early in development, and that the causative process is inactive long before the diagnosis is made.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans: Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses.
John H. Krystal,Laurence P. Karper,John Seibyl,Glenna K. Freeman,Richard C. Delaney,J. Douglas Bremner,George R. Heninger,Malcolm B. Bowers,Dennis S. Charney +8 more
TL;DR: These data indicate that N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists produce a broad range of symptoms, behaviors, and cognitive deficits that resemble aspects of endogenous psychoses, particularly schizophrenia and dissociative states.
Book ChapterDOI
Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions.
TL;DR: It now appears that at the level of the putamen such inputs remain segregated within the "motor" circuit, and it is difficult to imagine how such functional specificity could be maintained in the absence of strict topographic specificity within the sequential projections that comprise these two circuits.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellular basis of working memory
TL;DR: The special nature of working memory was first identified in studies of human cognition, and modern neurobiological methods have identified a specific population of neurons, patterns of their intrinsic and extrinsic circuitry, and signaling molecules that are engaged in this process in animals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of COMT Val108/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia.
Michael F. Egan,Terry E. Goldberg,Bhaskar Kolachana,Joseph H. Callicott,C.M. Mazzanti,Richard E. Straub,David Goldman,Daniel R. Weinberger +7 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that the COMT Val allele, because it increases prefrontal dopamine catabolism, impairs prefrontal cognition and physiology, and by this mechanism slightly increases risk for schizophrenia.
References
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Book
Higher cortical functions in man
TL;DR: Among the authors' patients was a bookkeeper with a severe form of sensory aphasia who could still draw up the annual balance sheet in spite of severe disturbances of speech and although he was unable to remember the names of his subordinates and used to refer to them incorrectly.
Book
Dementia Praecox or the Group of Schizophrenias
TL;DR: It's coming again, the new collection that this site has; the favorite dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias monograph series on schizophrenia no 1 book is offered today.