Physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercises: a comprehensive review of seven major schools
Hagit Berdishevsky,Victoria Ashley Lebel,Josette Bettany-Saltikov,Manuel Rigo,Andrea Lebel,Axel Maier Hennes,Michele Romano,Marianna Bialek,Andrzej M'hango,Tony Betts,Jean Claude de Mauroy,Jacek Durmała +11 more
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TLDR
The aim of this paper is to understand and learn about the different international treatment methods so that physical therapists can incorporate the best from each into their own practices, and in that way attempt to improve the conservative management of patients with idiopathic scoliosis.Abstract:
In recent decades, there has been a call for change among all stakeholders involved in scoliosis management. Parents of children with scoliosis have complained about the so-called “wait and see” approach that far too many doctors use when evaluating children’s scoliosis curves between 10° and 25°. Observation, Physiotherapy Scoliosis Specific Exercises (PSSE) and bracing for idiopathic scoliosis during growth are all therapeutic interventions accepted by the 2011 International Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment (SOSORT). The standard features of these interventions are: 1) 3-dimension self-correction; 2) Training activities of daily living (ADL); and 3) Stabilization of the corrected posture. PSSE is part of a scoliosis care model that includes scoliosis specific education, scoliosis specific physical therapy exercises, observation or surveillance, psychological support and intervention, bracing and surgery. The model is oriented to the patient. Diagnosis and patient evaluation is essential in this model looking at a patient-oriented decision according to clinical experience, scientific evidence and patient’s preference. Thus, specific exercises are not considered as an alternative to bracing or surgery but as a therapeutic intervention, which can be used alone or in combination with bracing or surgery according to individual indication. In the PSSE model it is recommended that the physical therapist work as part of a multidisciplinary team including the orthopeadic doctor, the orthotist, and the mental health care provider - all are according to the SOSORT guidelines and Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) philosophy. From clinical experiences, PSSE can temporarily stabilize progressive scoliosis curves during the secondary period of progression, more than a year after passing the peak of growth. In non-progressive scoliosis, the regular practice of PSSE could produce a temporary and significant reduction of the Cobb angle. PSSE can also produce benefits in subjects with scoliosis other than reducing the Cobb angle, like improving back asymmetry, based on 3D self-correction and stabilization of a stable 3D corrected posture, as well as the secondary muscle imbalance and related pain. In more severe cases of thoracic scoliosis, it can also improve breathing function. This paper will discuss in detail seven major scoliosis schools and their approaches to PSSE, including their bracing techniques and scientific evidence. The aim of this paper is to understand and learn about the different international treatment methods so that physical therapists can incorporate the best from each into their own practices, and in that way attempt to improve the conservative management of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. These schools are presented in the historical order in which they were developed. They include the Lyon approach from France, the Katharina Schroth Asklepios approach from Germany, the Scientific Exercise Approach to Scoliosis (SEAS) from Italy, the Barcelona Scoliosis Physical Therapy School approach (BSPTS) from Spain, the Dobomed approach from Poland, the Side Shift approach from the United Kingdom, and the Functional Individual Therapy of Scoliosis approach (FITS) from Poland.read more
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Effectiveness of Schroth exercises during bracing in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: results from a preliminary study-SOSORT Award 2017 Winner.
TL;DR: The findings from this preliminary study showed that Schroth exercise during bracing was superior to bracing alone in improving Cobb angles, trunk rotation, and QOL scores and those who were compliant with the exercise program had a higher rate of Cobb angle improvement.
Journal ArticleDOI
Management of Spinal Deformities and Evidence of Treatment Effectiveness.
TL;DR: The available evidence reviewed has suggested that different approaches are needed towards the management of different spinal deformities, and conservative treatment of AIS should be tried when the curve is at a surgical threshold, before surgery is considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effectiveness of Schroth exercises in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Marlette Burger,Wilna Coetzee,Lenka Z. du Plessis,Larissa Geldenhuys,Francois Joubert,Elzanne Myburgh,Chante van Rooyen,Nicol Vermeulen +7 more
TL;DR: Clinicians could combine supervised Schroth exercises with conventional physiotherapy care (observation, exercise, bracing and manual therapy) when treating adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review of scoliosis-specific exercise methods used to correct adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
TL;DR: There is insufficient evidence to suggest that both Schroth and SEAS methods can effectively improve Cobb angles in patients with AIS compared to no intervention and limited evidence that the SEAS method is more effective at reducing Cobb angles compared to traditional exercises in treating AIS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Specific Exercise Therapy on Adolescent Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Prospective Controlled Cohort Study.
TL;DR: For IS patients with Cobb angles between 10° and 25°, the exercise protocol can effectively control or improve curve progression and younger patients with a lower Risser grade are most likely to respond.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth.
Stefano Negrini,Sabrina Donzelli,Angelo Gabriele Aulisa,Dariusz Czaprowski,Sanja Schreiber,Sanja Schreiber,Jean Claude de Mauroy,Helmut Diers,Theodoros B Grivas,Patrick Knott,Tomasz Kotwicki,Andrea Lebel,Cindy Marti,Toru Maruyama,Joseph P O'Brien,Nigel Price,Eric C. Parent,Manuel Rigo,Michele Romano,Luke Stikeleather,James H Wynne,Fabio Zaina +21 more
TL;DR: The 2016 SOSORT guidelines were developed based on the current evidence on CTIS and include a total of 68 recommendations divided into following topics: bracing, PSSE to prevent scoliosis progression during growth, other conservative treatments, respiratory function and exercises and assessment.
Journal ArticleDOI
2011 SOSORT guidelines: Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth
Stefano Negrini,Angelo Gabriele Aulisa,Lorenzo Aulisa,Alin B Circo,Jean Claude de Mauroy,Jacek Durmała,Theodoros B Grivas,Patrick Knott,Tomasz Kotwicki,Toru Maruyama,Silvia Minozzi,Joseph P O'Brien,Dimitris Papadopoulos,Manuel Rigo,Charles H. Rivard,Michele Romano,James H Wynne,Monica Villagrasa,Hans-Rudolf Weiss,Fabio Zaina +19 more
TL;DR: These Guidelines have been a big effort of SOSORT to paint the actual situation of CTIS, starting from the evidence, and filling all the gray areas using a scientific method, and it is possible to understand the lack of research in general on CTIS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents
Stefano Negrini,Silvia Minozzi,Josette Bettany-Saltikov,Nachiappan Chockalingam,Theodoros B Grivas,Tomasz Kotwicki,Toru Maruyama,Michele Romano,Fabio Zaina +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the efficacy of bracing for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis versus no treatment or other treatments, on quality of life, disability, pulmonary disorders, progression of the curve, and psychological and cosmetic issues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Active self-correction and task-oriented exercises reduce spinal deformity and improve quality of life in subjects with mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Results of a randomised controlled trial
TL;DR: The programme of active self-correction and task-oriented exercises was superior to traditional exercises in reducing spinal deformities and enhancing the HRQL in patients with mild AIS and lasted for at least 1 year after the intervention ended.
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