Journal ArticleDOI
Pigmentary and cutaneous risk factors for non-melanocytic skin cancer—A case-control study
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TLDR
A history of ever having acne and a history of warts were protective for BCC and a record of acne was protective for SCC, and the effects of age at arrival or migrant status and ethnic origin remained important on the models incorporating these factors.Abstract:
The roles of ethnic origin, pigmentary traits, sun sensitivity and other cutaneous characteristics as risk factors for basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) were examined in a case-control study of prevalent and incident cases of histopathologically confirmed skin cancers. Two hundred and twenty six confirmed cases of BCC, 45 of SCC and 1,015 controls with no lesions were identified in a population-based survey of skin cancer in 1987 in Geraldton, Western Australia. The risk of both cancers was higher in native-born Australians than in migrants. The risk of BCC decreased with increasing age at arrival in Australia. Southern European ancestry was strongly protective against BCC (for any southern European grandparents) and SCC (no case of SCC had any grandparents of southern European origin). Inability to tan was the strongest pigmentary risk factor for both BCC and SCC. Among factors that incorporated a measure of sun exposure as well as sun sensitivity, freckling on the arm in childhood was important for both cancers, the number of moles on the back was important for BCC, and forearm skin colour and having a permanent colour difference between the neck and adjacent protected areas were important for SCC. Among measures of sun damage to the skin, solar elastosis of the neck was a strong risk factor for both BCC and SCC, loss of fine texture of the skin of the back of the hands (as measured by cutaneous microtopography) was important for BCC and telangiectasia of the face for SCC. When all important variables for each cancer were examined together in a single model with age, sex, migrant status or age at arrival in Australia, and ethnicity, in ability to tan, solar elastosis of the neck, and the number of moles on the back were independently significant risk factors for BCC and solar elastosis of the neck and having a permanent colour difference between the neck and adjacent protected areas were independently significant risk factors for SCC. The effects of age at arrival or migrant status and ethnic origin remained important in the models incorporating these factors. A history of ever having acne and a history of warts were protective for BCC and a history of acne was protective for SCC.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer.
Bruce K. Armstrong,Anne Kricker +1 more
TL;DR: The epidemiological data suggest that in implementing sun protection an increase in intermittency of exposure should be avoided, that sun protection will have the greatest impact if achieved as early as possible in life and that it will probably have an impact later in life, especially in those who had high childhood exposure to solar radiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sunburn and p53 in the onset of skin cancer
Annemarie Ziegler,Alan S. Jonason,David J. Leffellt,Jeffrey A. Simon,Jeffrey A. Simon,Harsh W. Sharma,Jonathan Kimmelman,Lee Remington,Tyler Jacks,Douglas E. Brash +9 more
TL;DR: Skin appears to possess a p53-dependent 'guardian-of-the-tissue' response to DNA damage which aborts precancerous cells, and if this response is reduced in a single cell by a prior p53 mutation, sunburn can select for clonal expansion of the p 53-mutated cell into the AK.
Journal ArticleDOI
Frequent clones of p53-mutated keratinocytes in normal human skin
Alan S. Jonason,Subrahmanyam Kunala,Gary J. Price,Richard J. Restifo,Henry M. Spinelli,John A. Persing,David J. Leffell,Robert E. Tarone,Douglas E. Brash +8 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that, in addition to being a tumorigenic mutagen, sunlight acts as a tumor promoter by favoring the clonal expansion of p53-mutated cells, which results in normal individuals carrying a substantial burden of keratinocytes predisposed to cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells derived from defined CD8 + and CD4 + subsets confer superior antitumor reactivity in vivo
Daniel Sommermeyer,Michael Hudecek,Michael Hudecek,Paula L. Kosasih,Tea Gogishvili,David G. Maloney,David G. Maloney,Cameron J. Turtle,Cameron J. Turtle,Stanley R. Riddell,Stanley R. Riddell,Stanley R. Riddell +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that CAR-T-cell products generated from defined T-cell subsets can provide uniform potency compared with products derived from unselected T cells that vary in phenotypic composition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sunlight Exposure, Pigmentary Factors, and Risk of Nonmelanocytic Skin Cancer: I. Basal Cell Carcinoma
Richard P. Gallagher,Gerry B. Hill,Chris Bajdik,Shirley Fincham,Andrew J. Coldman,David I. McLean,William J. Threlfall +6 more
TL;DR: The lack of association between cumulative sun exposure and BCC contradicts conventional wisdom about the cause of this tumor, and the increased risk with sun exposure at age 0 to 19 years suggests that childhood and adolescence may be critical periods for establishing adult risk for BCC.
References
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Pigmentary Traits, Ethnic Origin, Benign Nevi, and Family History as Risk Factors for Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
TL;DR: Of the several pigmentary traits known to have associations with melanoma, inability to tan was the most important and had significant effects that were independent of tanning ability; however, after these traits were controlled, measured skin color and eye color had no additional effects.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Trends in basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma of the skin from 1973 through 1987
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TL;DR: The dramatic increases in nonmelanoma skin cancers in British Columbia, a relatively low sunlight area, suggest that major prevention programs are needed in areas that are not considered "sunspots."