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Pneumatic artificial muscles: actuators for robotics and automation

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TLDR
In this paper, an overview of pneumatic actuators made mainly of a flexible and inflatable membrane is given, and the properties of these actuators are given, the most important of which are the compliant behavior and extremely low weight.
Abstract
This article is intended as an introduction to and an overview of Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PAMs). These are pneumatic actuators made mainly of a flexible and inflatable membrane. First, their concept and way of operation are explained. Next, the properties of these actuators are given, the most important of which are the compliant behavior and extremely low weight. A classification and review is following this section. Typical applications are dealt with in the last but one section and, finally, some concluding remarks are made.

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Soft robotics: Biological inspiration, state of the art, and future research

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Modeling of Soft Fiber-Reinforced Bending Actuators

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Fluid-driven origami-inspired artificial muscles

TL;DR: This architecture for fluidic artificial muscles with unprecedented performance-to-cost ratio is presented and opens the door to rapid design and low-cost fabrication of actuation systems for numerous applications at multiple scales, ranging from miniature medical devices to wearable robotic exoskeletons to large deployable structures for space exploration.
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A Recipe for Soft Fluidic Elastomer Robots

TL;DR: Three viable actuator morphologies composed entirely from soft silicone rubber are explored, and these morphologies are differentiated by their internal channel structure, namely, ribbed, cylindrical, and pleated.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Measurement and modeling of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles

TL;DR: Mechanical testing the modeling results for the McKibben artificial muscle pneumatic actuator, which contains an expanding tube surrounded by braided cords, and a linearized model of these properties for three different models is derived.
Journal ArticleDOI

Control of pneumatic muscle actuators

TL;DR: In this paper, a new high power/weight and power/volume braided pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) has been developed with considerable power output potential, combined with controllable motion and inherent compliance to prevent damage to handled objects.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Concept and Design of Pleated Pneumatic Artificial Muscles

TL;DR: The Pleated Pneumatic Artificial Muscle (PPAM) as mentioned in this paper was developed as an improvement with regard to existing types of PAM, e.g. the McKibben muscle.
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