Polyaniline-poly(vinyl alcohol) conducting composite : material with easy processability and novel application potential
TL;DR: In this paper, an easy route for synthesis of polyaniline (PAn) in stable aqueous solution/dispersion form, using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as an efficient steric stabilizer.
Abstract: The present work reports an easy route for synthesis of polyaniline (PAn) in stable aqueous solution/dispersion form, using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as an efficient steric stabilizer. Resulting composite successfully combines desirable physical properties like mechanical strength, solution processibility and electrical conductivity of PVA and PAn components. The composite was subjected to versatile characterizations and its different physical properties (especially optical, thermal, mechanical and electrical) were explored. Free standing films can be obtained from the solutions, which exhibit important microwave shielding property over the X-band. This has enhanced the importance of this material to a large extent.
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TL;DR: In this article, a review of shielding materials for the control of electromagnetic radiations is presented. But the authors focus on metal, conducting plastics, and conducting polymers, and do not consider polymeric materials.
Abstract: The growth in the application of electronic devices across a broad spectrum of military, industrial, commercial and consumer sectors has created a new form of pollution known as noise or radio frequency interference (RFI) or electromagnetic radiation or electromagnetic interference (EMI) that can cause interference or malfunctioning of equipment. Therefore, there is a greater need for the effective shielding of components from its adverse effects. This review surveys the shielding materials like metals, conducting plastics and conducting polymers for the control of electromagnetic radiations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
576 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized and reviewed the research on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding with intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs), mainly polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPY), and their composites in various frequency ranges.
Abstract: This paper summarizes and reviews the research on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding with intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs), mainly polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPY), and their composites in various frequency ranges. ICPs are new alternative candidates for EMI shielding applications due to their lightweight, corrosion resistance, ease of processing, and tunable conductivities as compared with typical metals. More importantly, the dominant shielding characteristic of absorption other than that of reflection for metals render ICPs more promising materials in applications requiring not only high EMI shielding effectiveness but also shielding by absorption, such as in stealth technology. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
467 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, generalized approaches for the preparation of polyaniline materials are reviewed, focusing on features that determine properties of the final composites/blends, and two distinct groups of synthetic methods based on aniline polymerization either (1) in the presence of or inside a matrix polymer or (2) the blending of a previously prepared PANI with a matrix polymers.
Abstract: Interest in applications for polyaniline (PANI) has motivated investigators to study its mechanical properties, the thermostability of its conductivity, its processibility, etc. and its use in polymer composites or blends with common polymers. As a result, several methods to produce composites/blends containing PANI have been developed, allowing the preparation of a wide spectrum of such materials. Here, generalized approaches for the preparation of such materials are reviewed. Specifically, we consider two distinct groups of synthetic methods based on aniline polymerization either (1) in the presence of or inside a matrix polymer or (2) the blending of a previously prepared PANI with a matrix polymer. Some aspects of these methods are analyzed, emphasizing features that determine properties of the final composites/blends.
383 citations
Cites background or methods from "Polyaniline-poly(vinyl alcohol) con..."
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TL;DR: In this paper, the synthetic methodology of conducting polymer has been briefly considered with chemical oxidation polymerization and electrochemical polymerization with respect to soft template method, hard template method and template-free method.
Abstract: A paradigm shift takes place in the fabrication of conducting polymers from bulky features with microsize to ultrafine features with nanometer range. Novel conducting polymer nanomaterials require the potential to control synthetic approaches of conducting polymer on molecular and atomic levels. In this article, the synthetic methodology of conducting polymer has been briefly considered with chemical oxidation polymerization and electrochemical polymerization. The recent achievements in the fabrication of conducting polymer nanomaterials have been extensively reviewed with respect to soft template method, hard template method and template-free method. It also details the morphological spectrum of conducting polymer nanomaterials such as nanoparticle, core-shell nanomaterial, hollow nanosphere, nanofiber/nanorod, nanotube, thin film and nanopattern and nanocomposite. In addition, their applications are discussed under nanometer-sized dimension.
380 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a polyaniline/polystyrene composite film with a lotus-leaf-like structure is prepared via a simple electrospinning method, which shows stable superhydrophobicity and conductivity, even in many corrosive solutions, such as acidic or basic solutions over a wide pH range, and also in oxidizing solutions.
Abstract: A polyaniline/polystyrene composite film with a lotus-leaf-like structure is prepared via a simple electrospinning method. The film shows stable superhydrophobicity and conductivity, even in many corrosive solutions, such as acidic or basic solutions over a wide pH range, and also in oxidizing solutions. The special surface composition and morphology are the two important aspects that induce such unusual properties. The polystyrene content can strongly influence the morphology of the composite films, which thus display different superhydrophobicities and conductivities.
300 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the optical absorption spectra of polyaniline dispersions in aqueous media have been investigated and two absorption bands located at 340 and 610 nm are found for blue polyanile base in ammonia solutions.
Abstract: Optical absorption spectra of polyaniline dispersions in aqueous media have been investigated. Two absorption bands located at 340 and 610 nm are found for blue polyaniline base in ammonia solutions. The spectra of alkalized dispersions are close to those observed for polyaniline base in N-methylpyrrolidone solution (maxima at 332 and 638 nm), but the position of the maxima depends on the nature of the alkali. In the acidic region, three distinct absorption bands of the green protonated polyaniline are observed at 350, 430 and 810 nm. The spectroscopic response to change of pH is fast but additional slow changes occur and may extend for hours when close to neutral media. The absorption coefficient of polyaniline in 1 M hydrochloric acid for a local maximum between 380 and 420 nm is estimated as ϵ=31 500 ± 1700 cm2 per gram of polyaniline hydrochloride. Spectroscopy is used to follow up the dispersion polymerization of aniline. After an induction period, a fast polymerization takes place and the originally colourless solution turns blue. A subsequent change of colour to green indicates termination of polymerization.
318 citations
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TL;DR: Synthese par polymerisation chimique (persulfate d'ammonium) and electrolytique de methyl-2(methyl-3, ethyl-2, polyethylene, polypropyl-3 and propyl-1) aniline as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Synthese par polymerisation chimique (persulfate d'ammonium) et electrolytique de methyl-2(methyl-3, ethyl-2, ethyl-3 et propyl-2) aniline
269 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the status and potentials of commercial applications of conductive polymers, mainly polyaniline, are discussed, and it is shown that dispersion has evolved to be the necessary key for making conductives suitable for industrial applications, at least if "doped" conjugated polymers are under review.
Abstract: A critical review is given about the status and potentials of commercial applications of conductive polymers, mainly polyaniline. It is shown that ‘dispersion’ has evolved to be the necessary key for making conductive polymers suitable for industrial applications, at least if ‘conductive’ (i.e. ‘doped’ conjugated polymers) and not neutral, ‘undoped’ conjugated polymers are under review.
220 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, two glass transitions (T g ), ∼70°C and ∼250°C, were observed for the first time using MDSC during the process of heat treatment.
Abstract: Thermal characteristics of chemically synthesized polyaniline (EB) powder have been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), modulated DSC (MDSC), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), FTIR spectra, solid MS spectrum, and solubility tests. The exothermic peak measured both in conventional DSC and MDSC was a non-reversing chemical cross-linking reaction and was further confirmed by wide angle X-ray, FTIR, and solubility tests. Two glass transitions ( T g ), ∼70°C and ∼250°C, in polyaniline (EB) powder, were observed for the first time using MDSC during the process of heat treatment. These results clearly demonstrate that the morphology of polyaniline (EB) powder is changed by thermal treatment in the range of 185–350°C.
175 citations