Population-based study of chlamydial infection in China: a hidden epidemic.
William L. Parish,Edward O. Laumann,Myron S. Cohen,Suiming Pan,Heyi Zheng,Irving F. Hoffman,Tianfu Wang,Kwai Hang Ng +7 more
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TLDR
The prevalence of genital chlamydial and gonococcal infections in China is substantial and patterns of infection by subgroup and behavioral patterns suggest potential avenues for intervention.Abstract:
ContextSexually transmitted diseases are increasing rapidly in China. Surveillance
data imperfectly indicate current prevalence and risk factors.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of genital chlamydial and gonococcal infections
and to describe patterns of infection by subgroup and behavioral patterns.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA national stratified probability sample of 3426 Chinese individuals
(1738 women and 1688 men) aged 20 to 64 years, who were interviewed between
August 1999 and August 2000, completed a computer-administered survey, and
provided a urine specimen (69% total participation rate).Main Outcome MeasurePositive test result for chlamydial or gonococcal infections.ResultsThe overall prevalence per 100 population of chlamydial infection was
2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-4.1) for women and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.3-3.3)
for men. For gonococcal infection, the overall prevalence per 100 population
was 0.08 (95% CI, 0.02-0.4) for women and 0.02 (95% CI, 0.005-0.1) for men.
Risk factors for chlamydial infection among men aged 20 to 44 years were unprotected
sex with a commercial sex worker (odds ratio [OR], 8.24; 95% CI, 3.51-19.35),
less education (OR, 7.20; 95% CI, 2.31-22.37), and recent sex with their spouse
or other steady partner (OR, 7.73; 95% CI, 2.70-22.10). Among women aged 20
to 44 years, risk factors for chlamydial infection were having less education
(OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.01-7.91) and living in a city (OR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.67-7.18)
or along the southern coast (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.29-3.63) and having a spouse
or other steady sexual partner who earned a high income (OR, 2.85; 95% CI,
1.11-7.29), who socialized often (OR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.08-7.19), or who traveled
less than 1 week per year (OR, 5.40; 95% CI, 1.44-20.3).ConclusionsThe prevalence of chlamydial infection in China is substantial. The
patterns of infection suggest potential avenues for intervention.read more
Citations
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The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States
TL;DR: This survey of sexual practices in the United States has been combed by the media for items of interest to the public: monogamous sex is much more widespread in this country than has been thought.
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Translation of scales in cross-cultural research: issues and techniques.
TL;DR: It is important to use appropriate translation procedures and to employ a combined translation technique based on the research environment and questions to maintain the content equivalences between the original and translated instruments in international research.
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Immunology of Chlamydia infection: implications for a Chlamydia trachomatis vaccine
TL;DR: Current understanding of the immune response to infection with Chlamydia spp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sexually transmitted infections: challenges ahead
Magnus Unemo,Catriona S. Bradshaw,Jane S Hocking,Henry J. C. de Vries,Suzanna C. Francis,David Mabey,Jeanne M. Marrazzo,Gerard J.B. Sonder,Jane R. Schwebke,Elske Hoornenborg,Rosanna W. Peeling,Susan S. Philip,Nicola Low,Christopher K Fairley +13 more
TL;DR: Overall, this Commission aims to enhance the understanding of some of the key challenges facing the field of STI treatment and control, and outlines new approaches to improve the clinical management of STIs and public health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Syphilis in China: results of a national surveillance programme
Zhi Qiang Chen,Guo Cheng Zhang,Xiang Dong Gong,Charles P. Lin,Charles P. Lin,Xing Gao,Guo Jun Liang,Xiao Li Yue,Xiang Sheng Chen,Myron S. Cohen +9 more
TL;DR: A national campaign for detection and treatment of syphilis, and a credible prevention strategy, are urgently needed, and the results suggest that a range of unique biological and social forces are driving the spread ofSyphilis in China.
References
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Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables
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The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States
John H. Gagnon,Robert T. Michael +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States
TL;DR: This survey of sexual practices in the United States has been combed by the media for items of interest to the public: monogamous sex is much more widespread in this country than has been thought.