Predicting Skull Loading: Applying Multibody Dynamics Analysis to a Macaque Skull
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TLDR
The novel use of MDA to investigate the influence of different muscle representations on a macaque skull model, where muscle groups were represented by either a single, multiple, or wrapped muscle fibers, and the impact of varying muscle representation on stress fields was assessed.Abstract:
Evaluating stress and strain fields in anatomical structures is a way to test hypotheses that relate specific features of facial and skeletal morphology to mechanical loading. Engineering techniques such as finite element analysis are now commonly used to calculate stress and strain fields, but if we are to fully accept these methods we must be confident that the applied loading regimens are reasonable. Multibody dynamics analysis (MDA) is a relatively new three dimensional computer modeling technique that can be used to apply varying muscle forces to predict joint and bite forces during static and dynamic motions. The method ensures that equilibrium of the structure is maintained at all times, even for complex statically indeterminate problems, eliminating nonphysiological constraint conditions often seen with other approaches. This study describes the novel use of MDA to investigate the influence of different muscle representations on a macaque skull model (Macaca fascicularis), where muscle groups were represented by either a single, multiple, or wrapped muscle fibers. The impact of varying muscle representation on stress fields was assessed through additional finite element simulations. The MDA models highlighted that muscle forces varied with gape and that forces within individual muscle groups also varied; for example, the anterior strands of the superficial masseter were loaded to a greater extent than the posterior strands. The direction of the muscle force was altered when temporalis muscle wrapping was modeled, and was coupled with compressive contact forces applied to the frontal, parietal and temporal bones of the cranium during biting.read more
Citations
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Assessment of the role of sutures in a lizard skull: A computer modelling study
TL;DR: In a series of computational modelling studies, complex loading conditions obtained through multibody dynamics analysis were imposed on a finite element model of the skull of Uromastyx hardwickii, an akinetic herbivorous lizard, it was revealed that individual sutures relieved strain locally, but only at the expense of elevated strain in other regions of the skulls.
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Combining geometric morphometrics and functional simulation: an emerging toolkit for virtual functional analyses.
Paul O'Higgins,Samuel N. Cobb,Laura C. Fitton,Flora Gröning,Flora Gröning,Roger W. Phillips,Jia Liu,M.J. Fagan +7 more
TL;DR: These techniques are all used in studies of form and function in biology, but only recently have they been combined in novel ways to facilitate biomechanical modelling that takes account of variations in form, can statistically compare performance, and relate performance to form and its covariates.
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Virtual Anthropology: Virtual AnthrophologY
TL;DR: Although methodological issues remain to be solved before results from the two domains can be fully integrated, the various overlaps and cross-fertilizations suggest the widespread appearance of a "virtual functional morphology" in the near future.
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In vivo bone strain and finite-element modeling of the craniofacial haft in catarrhine primates
Callum F. Ross,Michael A. Berthaume,Paul C. Dechow,Jose Iriarte-Diaz,Laura B. Porro,Brian G. Richmond,Mark A. Spencer,David S. Strait +7 more
TL;DR: New in vivo bone strain data are combined with published data from the supraorbital region and zygomatic arch to evaluate the validity of a finite‐element model (FEM) of a macaque cranium during mastication and suggest the morphology of this region may be important for resisting forces generated during feeding.
Journal ArticleDOI
Masticatory loading and bone adaptation in the supraorbital torus of developing macaques
Kornelius Kupczik,C. A. Dobson,R. H. Crompton,Roger W. Phillips,Charles Oxnard,Charles Oxnard,M.J. Fagan,Paul O'Higgins +7 more
TL;DR: This work develops three micro-CT-based FEA models of M. fascicularis skulls ranging in dental age from deciduous to permanent dentitions and validated them against published experimental data to evaluate the hypothesis that strain energy density (SED) magnitudes are high in subadult individuals with resulting bone growth in the supraorbital torus.
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