Pregnancy and Motherhood During Surgical Training.
Erika L. Rangel,Erika L. Rangel,Douglas S. Smink,Douglas S. Smink,Manuel Castillo-Angeles,Manuel Castillo-Angeles,Gifty Kwakye,Gifty Kwakye,Marguerite Changala,Marguerite Changala,Marguerite Changala,Adil H. Haider,Adil H. Haider,Gerard M. Doherty,Gerard M. Doherty +14 more
TLDR
The challenges of having children during surgical residency may have significant workforce implications and a deeper understanding is critical to prevent attrition and to continue recruiting talented students.Abstract:
Importance Although family priorities influence specialty selection and resident attrition, few studies describe resident perspectives on pregnancy during surgical training. Objective To directly assess the resident experience of childbearing during training. Design, Setting, and Participants A self-administered 74-question survey was electronically distributed in January 2017 to members of the Association of Women Surgeons, to members of the Association of Program Directors in Surgery listserv, and through targeted social media platforms. Surgeons who had 1 or more pregnancies during an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited US general surgery residency program and completed training in 2007 or later were included. Important themes were identified using focus groups of surgeons who had undergone pregnancy during training in the past 7 years. Additional topics were identified through MEDLINE searches performed from January 2000 to July 2016 combining the keywordspregnancy,resident,attrition, andparentingin any specialty. Main Outcomes and Measures Descriptive data on perceptions of work schedule during pregnancy, maternity leave policies, lactation and childcare support, and career satisfaction after childbirth. Results This study included 347 female surgeons (mean [SD] age, 30.5 [2.7] years) with 452 pregnancies. A total of 297 women (85.6%) worked an unmodified schedule until birth, and 220 (63.6%) were concerned that their work schedule adversely affected their health or the health of their unborn child. Residency program maternity leave policies were reported by 121 participants (34.9%). A total of 251 women (78.4%) received maternity leave of 6 weeks or less, and 250 (72.0%) perceived the duration of leave to be inadequate. The American Board of Surgery leave policy was cited as a major barrier to the desired length of leave by 268 of 326 respondents (82.2%). Breastfeeding was important to 329 (95.6%), but 200 (58.1%) stopped earlier than they wished because of poor access to lactation facilities and challenges leaving the operating room to express milk. Sixty-four women (18.4%) had institutional support for childcare, and 231 (66.8%) reported a desire for greater mentorship on integrating a surgical career with motherhood and pregnancy. A total of 135 (39.0%) strongly considered leaving surgical residency, and 102 (29.5%) would discourage female medical students from a surgical career, specifically because of the difficulties of balancing pregnancy and motherhood with training. Conclusions and Relevance The challenges of having children during surgical residency may have significant workforce implications. A deeper understanding is critical to prevent attrition and to continue recruiting talented students. This survey characterizes these issues to help design interventions to support childbearing residents.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Factors Associated With Residency and Career Dissatisfaction in Childbearing Surgical Residents.
Erika L. Rangel,Erika L. Rangel,Heather Lyu,Heather Lyu,Adil H. Haider,Manuel Castillo-Angeles,Manuel Castillo-Angeles,Gerard M. Doherty,Douglas S. Smink,Douglas S. Smink +9 more
TL;DR: Surgery residents who perceived stigma during pregnancy, did not have a formal institutional maternity leave policy, or altered their fellowship training plans because of challenges of childbearing expressed greater professional dissatisfaction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Incidence of Infertility and Pregnancy Complications in US Female Surgeons.
Erika L. Rangel,Manuel Castillo-Angeles,Sarah Rae Easter,Rachel B. Atkinson,Ankush Gosain,Yue Yung Hu,Zara Cooper,Tanujit Dey,Eugene S. Kim +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a self-administered survey questionnaire was distributed and collected from November 2020 to January 2021 through multiple surgical societies in the US and social media among male and female attending and resident surgeons with children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Women in neurosurgery: inequality redux
Aviva Abosch,James T. Rutka +1 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that a concerted effort to attract more female neurosurgeons in the early years of medical school, job sharing paradigms, consistent parental leave policies, on-site day care facilities, and meaningful mentorship programs for women in Neurosurgery would all serve to reduce gender inequality in neurosurgery.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perceptions of Surgery Residents About Parental Leave During Training
Maria S. Altieri,Arghavan Salles,Lisa A. Bevilacqua,L. Michael Brunt,John D. Mellinger,Jessica C. Gooch,Aurora D. Pryor +6 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that policies at the level of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or Resident Review Committee (RRC), as well as education and the normalization of pregnancy during training, may be effective interventions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organizational strategies to reduce physician burnout and improve professional fulfillment.
Kristine Olson,Daniel Marchalik,H. Farley,Shannon M. Dean,Elizabeth Lawrence,Maryam S. Hamidi,Susannah Rowe,Joanne M. McCool,Cormac A. O'Donovan,Mark A. Micek,Miriam T. Stewart +10 more
TL;DR: This consensus review by leaders in the field across multiple institutions presents emerging trends and exemplary evidence-based strategies to improve professional fulfillment and reduce physician burnout using Stanford's tripartite model of physician professional fulfillment as an organizing framework.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Influences on medical student career choice: gender or generation?
Hilary A. Sanfey,Alison R. Saalwachter-Schulman,Joyce M. Nyhof-Young,Ben Eidelson,Barry D. Mann +4 more
TL;DR: The decision to have a family was a more significant influence for women than men, but family and lifestyle priorities were also important to male students, supporting the hypothesis that generation and gender are both important influences on career choices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Outcomes of Pregnancy in a National Sample of Resident Physicians
TL;DR: Researchers studied the outcomes of pregnancy during residency for 4412 women who graduated from medical school in 1985 and for the wives of 4236 of their male classmates, who served as controls.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why are women deterred from general surgery training
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the factors contributing to the low application rates to general surgery (GS) residency by female students and compared perceptions of GS between students and female surgeons, finding that women were less likely than men to meet a same-sex GS role model and more likely to experience gender-based discrimination during their GS rotation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perceptions of women medical students and their influence on career choice.
Leigh Neumayer,Susan Kaiser,Kimberly D. Anderson,Linda M. Barney,Myriam J. Curet,Donald M. Jacobs,Thomas Lynch,Christine Gazak +7 more
TL;DR: Women medical students perception of women surgeons' career satisfaction did not appear to be affected by the proportion ofWomen surgeons on the faculty at their medical school, however, their choice of surgery as a career was strongly associated with a higher proportion of women on the surgical faculty.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence and Causes of Attrition Among Surgical Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Zeyad Khoushhal,Mohamad A. Hussain,Elisa Greco,Muhammad Mamdani,Subodh Verma,Ori D. Rotstein,Andrea C. Tricco,Mohammed Al-Omran +7 more
TL;DR: The pooled estimate for the overall attrition prevalence among general surgery residents was 18% (95% CI, 14%-21%), with significant between-study variation, and the most common reported causes of attrition were uncontrollable lifestyle and transferring to another specialty.