Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence and clinical features of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus (inlet patch).
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Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus is not a rare condition but the frequency with which this condition is found during routine endoscopic examination is likely due to the reduced awareness of the examiner.Abstract:
Aim To determine the prevalence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus (inlet patch) and the factors that may influence its finding. To study its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics and its relationship with symptoms and oesophago-gastroduodenal diseases. Patients and methods The study was carried out in two different prospective series of consecutive patients undergoing oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. The first 791 patients were examined by one medical practitioner who was aware of the existence of inlet patch entity and aimed to evaluate the prevalence of inlet patch. The second series of 687 patients was examined by another investigator who was aware of the existence of inlet patch entity and who was requested to refer all patients with inlet patch, but he was unaware of the existence of a study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of inlet patch. The heterotopic gastric mucosal patches identified in the upper oesophagus were photographed, biopsied and analysed according to the Sydney system score. Results The presence of an inlet patch was found in 0.29% (operator unaware) and 2.27% (operator aware) of prospectively evaluated patients. Inlet patches appeared as single areas in 12 patients, as twin areas in five, and as multiple areas in one patient. Their diameters ranged approximately from 3 to 25 mm. The average age of the patients (13 men) was 52.5 ± 16.8 years. Five patients had an active or healed peptic ulcer and only one patient had reflux oesophagitis. Dysphagia or throat discomfort/ heartburn represented the symptoms leading to upper endoscopy in only one patient. Six of seven patients withHelicobacter pyloriinfection in the stomach also presented the infection in the heterotopic gastric mucosa. Conclusion Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the upper oesophagus is not a rare condition. The frequency with which this condition is found during routine endoscopic examination is likely due to the reduced awareness of the examiner. The presence of inlet patches is scarcely correlated with specific symptoms and the patches are often infected byH. pylori,in patients withH. pyloripositive gastritis.Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol12:745-749read more
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Quality standards in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a position statement of the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland (AUGIS)
Sabina Beg,Krish Ragunath,Andrew Wyman,Matthew R. Banks,Nigel Trudgill,Mark Pritchard,Stuart A. Riley,John Anderson,Helen Griffiths,Pradeep Bhandari,Phillip V Kaye,Andrew Veitch +11 more
TL;DR: The goal is to emphasise practices that encourage mucosal inspection and lesion recognition, with the aim of optimising the early diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal disease and improving patient outcomes.
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Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the esophagus: literature-review and proposal of a clinicopathologic classification.
Burkhard H. A. von Rahden,Hubert J. Stein,Karen Becker,Dorothea Liebermann-Meffert,J. Rüdiger Siewert +4 more
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Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus (inlet patch): endoscopic prevalence, histological and clinical characteristics.
Nihat Akbayir,Canan Alkim,Levent Erdem,H. Mehmet Sökmen,Ayşim Sungun,Tülay Başak,Suat Turgut,Zeynel Mungan +7 more
TL;DR: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the patch in the cervical esophagus, to identify its macroscopic and histological characteristics and to evaluate demographic and clinical features.
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Inlet patch: prevalence, histologic type, and association with esophagitis, Barrett esophagus, and antritis.
TL;DR: The prevalence and histologic types of inlet patch as well as its association with Barrett esophagus and Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis are reported to report.
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Clinical significance of heterotopic gastric mucosal patch of the proximal esophagus
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