Journal ArticleDOI
Pyridostigmine kinetics in healthy subjects and patients with myasthenia gravis
TLDR
Patients with myasthenia who were receiving continuous therapy with oral pyridostigmine had AUC values per unit dose corresponding to those in healthy subjects, and strict dependence of the AUC on the infused dose in one subject and variability in AUC up to a factor of two when two subjects took oral pyrsidostIGmine three times were revealed.Abstract:
Comparative pyridostigmine kinetics in plasma were measured in 10 healthy subjects given 4 mg iv and 60 mg oral pyridostigmine bromide. As determined from the AUC ratio, oral availability was 11.5% to 18.9% (means = 14.3%). Mean t 1/2 of the plasma level decline after oral dosing was 200 minutes, twice as long as the terminal elimination t1/2 after intravenous infusion (97 minutes). Thus absorption may proceed at a slower rate than elimination. Comparison of intraindividual data revealed strict dependence of the AUC on the infused dose (2, 4, and 8 mg) in one subject and variability in AUC up to a factor of two when two subjects took oral pyridostigmine three times. Patients with myasthenia who were receiving continuous therapy with oral pyridostigmine had AUC values per unit dose corresponding to those in healthy subjects. Storage stability of pyridostigmine in plasma required acidification of samples and storage at -75 degrees C. When native plasma was kept at -20 degrees C, there was appreciable loss of pyridostigmine within 1 to 2 months, the extent of which depended on the initial concentration.read more
Citations
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Classification of orally administered drugs on the World Health Organization Model list of Essential Medicines according to the biopharmaceutics classification system.
TL;DR: In this report, orally administered drugs on the Model list of Essential Medicines of the World Health Organization (WHO) are assigned BCS classifications on the basis of data available in the public domain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurotoxicity resulting from coexposure to pyridostigmine bromide, deet, and permethrin: implications of Gulf War chemical exposures.
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that competition for liver and plasma esterases by these compounds leads to their decreased breakdown and increased transport of the parent compound to nervous tissues, and if this hypothesis is correct, blood and liver esterase play an important "buffering" role in protecting against neurotoxicity in the population at large.
BookDOI
Chemical Warfare Agents : Toxicity at Low Levels
Satu Somani,James Romano +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors cover the emergency response to chemical terrorism and what happens after the initial crisis, but only years after the war were the long-term effects of these gases realized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Locomotor and sensorimotor performance deficit in rats following exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and permethrin, alone and in combination.
Mohammed B. Abou-Donia,Larry B. Goldstein,Kate Jones,Ali Abdel-Rahman,Tirupapuliyur V. Damodaran,Anjelika Dechkovskaia,Sarah L. Bullman,Belal E. Amir,Wasiuddin A. Khan +8 more
TL;DR: Exposure to physiologically relevant doses of PB, DEET, and permethrin, alone or in combination, leads to neurobehavioral deficits and region-specific alterations in AChE and acetylcholine receptors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Co-exposure to pyridostigmine bromide, DEET, and/or permethrin causes sensorimotor deficit and alterations in brain acetylcholinesterase activity.
Mohamed B. Abou-Donia,Anjelika Dechkovskaia,Larry B. Goldstein,Larry B. Goldstein,Ali Abdel-Rahman,Sarah L. Bullman,Sarah L. Bullman,Wasiuddin A. Khan +7 more
TL;DR: Exposure to various doses of PB, alone and in combination with DEET and permethrin, leads to sensorimotor deficits and differential alterations of the cholinergic system in the CNS.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Noncompartmental Determination of the Steady‐State Volume of Distribution
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Pharmacokinetic Constants from Postinfusion Blood Curves Obtained after I.V. Infusion
J.C.K. Loo,Sidney Riegelman +1 more
TL;DR: A mathematical equation is presented which enables one to determine the parameters identical to an i.v. bolus injection curve by utilizing the postinfusion blood curve, applicable to all compartmental models that may be described by linear first-order differential equations with constant coefficients.
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A quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of neostigmine and pyridostigmine in human plasma.
TL;DR: A sensitive and selective analytical method was used to measure the concentration of nestigmine and pyridostigmine in human plasma after single administration of intravenous doses in aneasthetised patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
The pharmacokinetics of pyridostigmine
TL;DR: Results in several patients suggest that the serum concentration achieved is related to the size of the dose and that there is a relationship between serum concentration and clinical response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pyridostigmine kinetics with and without renal function.
TL;DR: Pyridostigmine kinetics were examined under conditions of clinical use as an antagonist of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade in anesthetized patients with and without renal function, concluding that renal function accounts for 75% of pyridstigmine clearance.