Rethinking evidence-based practice and two-generation programs to create the future of early childhood policy.
TLDR
A framework for elucidating underlying causal mechanisms that explain differences in outcomes is presented, formulating enhanced theories of change about how to shift developmental trajectories, designing creative interventions and rethinking the concept of a two-generation strategy to produce breakthrough impacts are presented.Abstract:
Half a century of research and program evaluation has fueled a diverse landscape of early childhood policies and practices that produce a range of positive effects on the life prospects of children who face the burdens of significant adversity. Drawing on advances in neurobiology, developmental psychology, developmental psychopathology, and prevention science, this paper presents a framework for elucidating underlying causal mechanisms that explain differences in outcomes, formulating enhanced theories of change about how to shift developmental trajectories, designing creative interventions and rethinking the concept of a two-generation strategy to produce breakthrough impacts, and launching a new era of investment in young children and their families that will achieve greater reductions in intergenerational disparities in learning, behavior, and health than those produced by current best practices. Particular attention is focused on the hypothesis that substantially better outcomes for vulnerable, young children could be achieved by greater attention to strengthening the resources and capabilities of the adults who care for them rather than by continuing to focus primarily on the provision of child-focused enrichment, parenting education, and informal support. Central to achieving this goal is the need to establish an innovation-friendly environment that embraces fast-cycle sharing, supports risk taking, and celebrates learning from failure.read more
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Society for Research in Child Development
TL;DR: Both genetic and environmental factors were found to influence the association between children’s school readiness and later school achievement, and should be seen as a further incentive for continued implementation and evaluation of preventive intervention programs aimed at improving the level of school readiness in children from at-risk families.
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Beyond risk and protective factors: An adaptation-based approach to resilience
TL;DR: This perspective supports an alternative adaptation-based approach to resilience that converges on a central question: “What are the attention, learning, memory, problem-solving, and decision-making strategies that are enhanced through exposures to childhood adversity?”
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Maternal psychological distress & mental health service use during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Emily E. Cameron,Emily E. Cameron,Kayla M. Joyce,Chantal P. Delaquis,Kristin Reynolds,Jennifer L.P. Protudjer,Leslie E. Roos +6 more
TL;DR: Maternal depression and anxiety appear to be elevated in the context of COVID-19 compared to previously reported population norms.
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Stress, Coping, and Development in Children
TL;DR: This book has a deceptively simple title but its contents are complex and the problems and questions often posed but unanswered are as follows.
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Capitalizing on Advances in Science to Reduce the Health Consequences of Early Childhood Adversity
TL;DR: The time has come to leverage 21st-century science to catalyze the design, testing, and scaling of more powerful approaches for reducing lifelong disease by mitigating the effects of early adversity.
References
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Book
The ecology of human development : experiments by nature and design
TL;DR: An apparatus for measuring at least two of the following characteristics of a fluid; pH, partial pressure of dissolved gas or gases therein, inorganic ion concentration, hemoglobin, temperature, and the like, the apparatus comprising a vessel having a flow channel for fluid passing therethrough and means for inducing turbulence in the channel at specified locations.
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Neighborhoods and Violent Crime: A Multilevel Study of Collective Efficacy
TL;DR: Multilevel analyses showed that a measure of collective efficacy yields a high between-neighborhood reliability and is negatively associated with variations in violence, when individual-level characteristics, measurement error, and prior violence are controlled.
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The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design: by Urie Bronfenbrenner Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1979, 330 + p.
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The truly disadvantaged : the inner city, the underclass, and public policy
TL;DR: Wilson's "The Truly Disadvantaged" as mentioned in this paper was one of the sixteen best books of 1987 and won the 1988 C. Wright Mills Award of the Society for the Study of Social Problems.
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From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development
TL;DR: From Neurons to Neighborhoods as discussed by the authors presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how children learn to learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior, and examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.