Journal ArticleDOI
Review of epidemiological evidence of health effects of particulate air pollution
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TLDR
Recent epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that respirable particulate air pollution is an important risk factor for respiratory disease and cardiopulmonary mortality.Abstract:
This article summarizes epidemiological evidence of health effects of particulate air pollution. Acute exposure to elevated levels of particulate air pollution has been associated with increased cardiopulmonary mortality, increased hospitalization for respiratory disease, exacerbation of asthma, increased incidence and duration of respiratory symptoms, declines in lung function, and restricted activity. Small deficits in lung function, higher risk of chronic respiratory disease and symptoms, and increased mortality have also been associated with chronic exposure to respirable particulate air pollution. Health effects have been observed at levels common to many U.S. cites and at levels below current US. National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Although the biological mechanisms involved are poorly understood, recent epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that respirable particulate air pollution is an important risk factor for respiratory disease and cardiopulmonary mortality.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect
C. Arden Pope,Douglas W. Dockery +1 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive evaluation of the research findings provides persuasive evidence that exposure to fine particulate air pollution has adverse effects on cardiopulmonary health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000.
TL;DR: These analyses show that smoking remains the leading cause of mortality in the United States, however, poor diet and physical inactivity may soon overtake tobacco as the lead cause of death.
Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: line that connect
TL;DR: The 2006 A&WMA Critical Review on Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect documents substantial progress since the 1997 Critical Review in the areas of short-term exposure and mortality and time scales of exposure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association between mortality and indicators of traffic-related air pollution in the Netherlands: a cohort study
TL;DR: Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution may shorten life expectancy, and the association between exposure to air pollution and (cause specific) mortality was assessed with Cox's proportional hazards models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review.
Gerard Hoek,Ranjini M. Krishnan,Rob Beelen,Annette Peters,Bart Ostro,Bert Brunekreef,Joel D. Kaufman +6 more
TL;DR: In subjects with lower education and obese subjects a larger effect estimate for mortality related to fine PM was found, though the evidence for differences related to education has been weakened in more recent studies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
An Association between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six U.S. Cities
Douglas W. Dockery,C A Pope rd,X Xu,John D. Spengler,James H. Ware,Martha E. Fay,Benjamin G. Ferris,Frank E. Speizer +7 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that fine-particulate air pollution, or a more complex pollution mixture associated with fine particulate matter, contributes to excess mortality in certain U.S. cities.
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Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of U.S. adults.
C A Pope rd,Michael J. Thun,M. M. Namboodiri,Douglas W. Dockery,John S. O. Evans,Frank E. Speizer,C. W. Heath +6 more
TL;DR: Increased mortality is associated with sulfate and fine particulate air pollution at levels commonly found in U.S. cities, although the increase in risk is not attributable to tobacco smoking, although other unmeasured correlates of pollution cannot be excluded with certainty.
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Acute respiratory effects of particulate air pollution
Douglas W. Dockery,C. A. Pope +1 more
TL;DR: In the 1930s, 40s, and 50s, several episodes of extreme air pollution focused attention on the potential for adverse health effects of air pollution, and the increased mortality associated with such episodes provided the first quantitative measure of the adverse effects ofAir pollution.
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Air pollution and daily mortality: a review and meta analysis.
TL;DR: A detailed examination of data from Philadelphia showed that control for season and weather was adequate for removing all long-term seasonal and subseasonal patterns from the mortality data, and that using a very flexible nonlinear fit to the weather factors did not disturb the association with TSP.
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Increased mortality in Philadelphia associated with daily air pollution concentrations.
Joel Schwartz,Douglas W. Dockery +1 more
TL;DR: A significant positive association was found between total mortality and both TSP and both SO2 and the body of evidence showing that particulate pollution is associated with increased daily mortality at current levels in the United States is added.