Journal ArticleDOI
Rheology of the Lower Crust and Upper Mantle: Evidence from Rock Mechanics, Geodesy, and Field Observations
Roland Bürgmann,Georg Dresen +1 more
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In this article, the authors show that deformation mechanisms and rheology strongly vary as a function of stress, grain size, and fluids in the Earth's crust and upper mantle.Abstract:
Rock-mechanics experiments, geodetic observations of postloading strain transients, and micro- and macrostructural studies of exhumed ductile shear zones provide complementary views of the style and rheology of deformation deep in Earth's crust and upper mantle. Overall, results obtained in small-scale laboratory experiments provide robust constraints on deformation mechanisms and viscosities at the natural laboratory conditions. Geodetic inferences of the viscous strength of the upper mantle are consistent with flow of mantle rocks at temperatures and water contents determined from surface heat-flow, seismic, and mantle xenolith studies. Laboratory results show that deformation mechanisms and rheology strongly vary as a function of stress, grain size, and fluids. Field studies reveal a strong tendency for deformation in the lower crust and uppermost mantle in and adjacent to fault zones to localize into systems of discrete shear zones with strongly reduced grain size and strength. Deformation mechanisms ...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Building the Zagros collisional orogen: Timing, strain distribution and the dynamics of Arabia/Eurasia plate convergence
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that only 42% of the post-35 Ma convergence is partitioned by shortening within central Iran, and the current subduction dynamics can be explained by the original lateral difference in the buoyancy of the distal margin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aegean tectonics: Strain localisation, slab tearing and trench retreat
Laurent Jolivet,Claudio Faccenna,Benjamin Huet,Loïc Labrousse,Laetitia Le Pourhiet,Olivier Lacombe,Emmanuel Lecomte,E. Burov,Yoann Denèle,Jean-Pierre Brun,Melody Philippon,Anne Paul,G. Salaün,Hayrullah Karabulut,Claudia Piromallo,Patrick Monié,Frédéric Gueydan,Aral I. Okay,Roland Oberhänsli,Amaury Pourteau,Romain Augier,Leslie Gadenne,Olivier Driussi +22 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the geodynamic evolution of the Aegean-Anatolia region and discuss strain localisation there over geological times, and they favour a model where slab retreat is the main driving engine, and successive slab tearing episodes are the main causes of this stepwise strain localization and the inherited heterogeneity of the crust is a major factor for localising detachments.
Journal ArticleDOI
The World Stress Map database release 2016 : Crustal stress pattern across scales
Oliver Heidbach,Mojtaba Rajabi,Xiaofeng Cui,Karl Fuchs,Birgit Müller,John Reinecker,Karsten Reiter,Mark Tingay,Friedemann Wenzel,Furen Xie,Moritz Ziegler,Mary-Lou Zoback,Mark D. Zoback +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present details of the new WSM database release 2016 and an analysis of global and regional stress pattern, and show two examples of 40 degrees-60 degrees S-Hmax rotations within 70 km.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deformation cycles of subduction earthquakes in a viscoelastic Earth
TL;DR: Over the past two decades, space geodesy has revolutionized the authors' view of crustal deformation between consecutive earthquakes, leading to a unifying picture in which the deformation is controlled by both the short-term and long-term viscous behaviour of the mantle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rheology and strength of the lithosphere
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the problems related to lithosphere rheology and mechanics by first reviewing the rock mechanics data, Te (flexure) and Ts (earthquake) data and long-term observations such as folding and subsidence data, and then by examining the physical plausibility of various rheological models.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Friction of Rocks
TL;DR: This paper showed that at low normal stress the shear stress required to slide one rock over another varies widely between experiments and at high normal stress that effect is diminished and the friction is nearly independent of rock type.
Journal ArticleDOI
Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the relationship between friction and the properties of earthquake faults is presented, as well as an interpretation of the friction state variable, including its interpretation as a measure of average asperity contact time and porosity within granular fault gouge.
Journal ArticleDOI
Limits on lithospheric stress imposed by laboratory experiments
W. F. Brace,David L. Kohlstedt +1 more
TL;DR: Byerlee's law, converted to maximum or minimum stress, is a good upper or lower bound to observed in situ stresses to 5 km, for pore pressure hydrostatic or subhydrostatic as discussed by the authors.
Book ChapterDOI
Rheology of the Upper Mantle and the Mantle Wedge: A View from the Experimentalists
Greg Hirth,David L. Kohlstedt +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a critical review of flow law parameters for olivine aggregates and single crystals deformed in the diffusion creep and dislocation creep regimes under both wet and dry conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
New evidence on the state of stress of the San Andreas fault system
Mark D. Zoback,Mary Lou Zoback,Van S. Mount,John Suppe,J. P. Eaton,John H. Healy,David H. Oppenheimer,Paul A. Reasenberg,Lucile M. Jones,C. Barry Raleigh,Ivan G. Wong,Oona Scotti,Carl M. Wentworth +12 more
TL;DR: F Fault-normal crustal compression in central California is proposed to result from the extremely low shear strength of the San Andreas and the slightly convergent relative motion between the Pacific and North American plates.