Journal ArticleDOI
Segmental percentage contributions of cervical spine during different motion ranges of flexion and extension.
TLDR
The segmental percentage contributions in this study might imply that the cervical flexion movement initially relied more on the middle cervical segments and later on the lower ones, whereas a motion pattern trend from lower to middle segments was observed during cervical extension.Abstract:
STUDY DESIGN A blind, repeated-measure design was employed in the study. OBJECTIVE To quantitatively measure the percentage contribution of segmental angular motion during different motion ranges of cervical flexion-extension for clinical applications and better understanding of cervical biomechanics. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Restriction of cervical motion is a major symptom in patients suffering from neck injuries or pathologies. Although segmental angular motion alternation is a criterion for the detection of neck related impairments, the percentage contribution throughout cervical movements is not well understood. METHODS A total of 384 image sequences during cervical flexion-extension obtained from 48 healthy adult subjects were analyzed with a precise image protocol using dynamic videofluoroscopic techniques. RESULTS The middle cervical spines demonstrated significantly greater angular percentage contributions at C3/4 (29.89%) and C4/5 (37.14%) angles during the initial 1/3 flexion movement; whereas the lower cervical spines revealed statistically greater angular contributions (C5/6: 22.57% to 29.45%; C6/7: 28.80% to 37.42%) from the middle to final 1/3 ranges of flexion movement (P<0.001). With regard to cervical extension motion, the majority of segmental percentage contributions statistically shifted initially from C5/6 level (30.21%) to C4/5 (24.96%) and C5/6 (26.12%) levels, and finally to the C3/4 (27.55%) and C4/5 (29.77%) segments (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The segmental percentage contributions in this study might imply that the cervical flexion movement initially relied more on the middle cervical segments and later on the lower ones, whereas a motion pattern trend from lower to middle segments was observed during cervical extension.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Gravitational demand on the neck musculature during tablet computer use
TL;DR: The mechanical demand on the neck muscles was estimated to increase 3–5 times during seated tablet computer use versus seated neutral posture, with the lowest demand in a high propped tablet position but few differences in other conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Six-degrees-of-freedom cervical spine range of motion during dynamic flexion-extension after single-level anterior arthrodesis: comparison with asymptomatic control subjects.
TL;DR: C5/C6 arthrodesis does not affect the total range of motion in adjacent vertebral segments, but it does alter the distribution of adjacent-segment motion toward more extension and less flexion superior to the arthrodenis and more posterior translation superior and inferior to theArthrodesi during in vivo functional loading.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cervical motion segment contributions to head motion during flexion\extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation
TL;DR: The clinical implication of increased contributions from the inferior motions segments near the end ROM is that the clinician may advise the patient to avoid end ROM positions to lessen the demand on the discs of inferior motion segments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extension and flexion in the upper cervical spine in neck pain patients
Markus Ernst,Rebecca J. Crawford,Rebecca J. Crawford,Sarah Schelldorfer,Anne-Kathrin Rausch-Osthoff,Marco Barbero,Jan Kool,Christoph Bauer +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that separate UCS ROM assessments for extension and flexion are useful in patients with neck pain, and correlation between UCS flexion and the NDI-headache was strong.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cervical spine intervertebral kinematics with respect to the head are different during flexion and extension motions.
TL;DR: The results suggest that static radiographs cannot accurately represent vertebral orientation during dynamic motion and data should be collected during both flexion and extension movements when investigating intervertebral kinematics with respect to global head orientation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biomechanics of the cervical spine. I: Normal kinematics
Nikolai Bogduk,Susan R. Mercer +1 more
TL;DR: This first review considers the normal kinematics of the cervical spine, which predicates the appreciation of the biomechanics of cervical spine injury, and summarizes the cardinal anatomical features that determine how the cervical vertebrae and their joints behave.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of muscle morphometry and moment arms on the moment-generating capacity of human neck muscles.
TL;DR: These results quantify the contributions of individual neck muscles to moment‐generating capacity and demonstrate that variations in force‐generation capacity and moment arm throughout the range of motion can alter muscle moment‐generation capacities.
Journal ArticleDOI
A hypothesis of chronic back pain: ligament subfailure injuries lead to muscle control dysfunction
TL;DR: A new hypothesis, based upon the concept that subfailure injuries of ligaments (spinal ligaments, disc annulus and facet capsules) may cause chronic back pain due to muscle control dysfunction, is presented and may help in a better understanding of chronic low back and neck pain patients, and in improved clinical management.
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal movements of the cervical spine
TL;DR: The method consists of superimposition of two films representing the cervical spine in the end positions of the movement under investigation (e.g., flexion and extension) from tracings of selected structures, movement is represented in the form of movement diagrams.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional radiographic diagnosis of the cervical spine: flexion/extension.
TL;DR: If possible, the functional roentgenogram examination of the cervical spine in the sagittal plane should be performed by including passive movement and the range of motion should be compared with the normal values obtained by passive examination.