Journal ArticleDOI
Self-organization of orientation sensitive cells in the striata cortex
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TLDR
A nerve net model for the visual cortex of higher vertebrates is presented and a simple learning procedure is shown to be sufficient for the organization of some essential functional properties of single units.Abstract:
A nerve net model for the visual cortex of higher vertebrates is presented. A simple learning procedure is shown to be sufficient for the organization of some essential functional properties of single units. The rather special assumptions usually made in the literature regarding preorganization of the visual cortex are thereby avoided. The model consists of 338 neurones forming a sheet analogous to the cortex. The neurones are connected randomly to a “retina” of 19 cells. Nine different stimuli in the form of light bars were applied. The afferent connections were modified according to a mechanism of synaptic training. After twenty presentations of all the stimuli individual cortical neurones became sensitive to only one orientation. Neurones with the same or similar orientation sensitivity tended to appear in clusters, which are analogous to cortical columns. The system was shown to be insensitive to a background of disturbing input excitations during learning. After learning it was able to repair small defects introduced into the wiring and was relatively insensitive to stimuli not used during training.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Deep learning in neural networks
TL;DR: This historical survey compactly summarizes relevant work, much of it from the previous millennium, review deep supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning & evolutionary computation, and indirect search for short programs encoding deep and large networks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a self-organizing system in which the signal representations are automatically mapped onto a set of output responses in such a way that the responses acquire the same topological order as that of the primary events.
Journal ArticleDOI
The self-organizing map
TL;DR: The self-organizing map, an architecture suggested for artificial neural networks, is explained by presenting simulation experiments and practical applications, and an algorithm which order responses spatially is reviewed, focusing on best matching cell selection and adaptation of the weight vectors.
Book
Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex
TL;DR: The development of stimulus selectivity in the primary sensory cortex of higher vertebrates is considered in a general mathematical framework and a synaptic evolution scheme of a new kind is proposed in which incoming patterns rather than converging afferents compete.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simplified neuron model as a principal component analyzer
TL;DR: A simple linear neuron model with constrained Hebbian-type synaptic modification is analyzed and a new class of unconstrained learning rules is derived.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex
David H. Hubel,Torsten N. Wiesel +1 more
TL;DR: This method is used to examine receptive fields of a more complex type and to make additional observations on binocular interaction and this approach is necessary in order to understand the behaviour of individual cells, but it fails to deal with the problem of the relationship of one cell to its neighbours.
Journal ArticleDOI
Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex
David H. Hubel,Torsten N. Wiesel +1 more
TL;DR: The striate cortex was studied in lightly anaesthetized macaque and spider monkeys by recording extracellularly from single units and stimulating the retinas with spots or patterns of light, with response properties very similar to those previously described in the cat.
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Simple memory: a theory for archicortex.
TL;DR: It is shown that rather general numerical constraints roughly determine the dimensions of memorizing models for the mammalian brain, and from these is derived a general model for archicortex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Principles of neurodynamics. perceptrons and the theory of brain mechanisms
TL;DR: The background, basic sources of data, concepts, and methodology to be employed in the study of perceptrons are reviewed, and some of the notation to be used in later sections are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of the effects of unilateral and bilateral eye closure on cortical unit responses in kittens
Torsten N. Wiesel,David H. Hubel +1 more
TL;DR: In these experiments the use of monocular deprivation made it possible to compare adjacent geniculate layers, and also to compare the two eyes in their ability to influence cortical cells, so that each animal acted, in a sense, as its own control.