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Signal authentication and integrity schemes for next generation global navigation satellite systems
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TLDR
Recommendations are made for optimal implementation of navigation message authentication for Galileo and next generation GPS systems by making recommendations for cryptographic authentication schemes for navigation data authentication.Abstract:
This paper describes a number of techniques for GNSS navigation message authentication A detailed analysis of the security facilitated by navigation message authentication is given The analysis takes into consideration the risk of critical applications that rely on GPS including transportation, finance and telecommunication networks We propose a number of cryptographic authentication schemes for navigation data authentication These authentication schemes provide authenticity and integrity of the navigation data to the receiver Through software simulation, the performance of the schemes is quantified The use of software simulation enables the collection of authentication performance data of different data channels, and the impact of various schemes on the infrastructure and receiver Navigation message authentication schemes have been simulated at the proposed data rates of Galileo and GPS services, for which the resulting performance data is presented This paper concludes by making recommendations for optimal implementation of navigation message authentication for Galileo and next generation GPS systemsread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Practical Cryptographic Civil GPS Signal Authentication
TL;DR: A practical technique is proposed to authenticate civil GPS signals that combines cryptographic authentication of the GPS navigation message with signal timing authentication based on statistical hypothesis tests to secure civil GPS receivers against spoofing attacks.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Survey and Analysis of the GNSS Spoofing Threat and Countermeasures
TL;DR: This survey aims to assess in detail the exact nature of threat scenarios posed by spoofing against the most commonly cited targets, and to survey and assess the effectiveness of a wide range of proposed defences against GNSS spoofing.
An Evaluation of the Vestigial Signal Defense for Civil GPS Anti-Spoofing
TL;DR: A receiver-autonomous non-cryptographic civil GPS antispoofing technique called the vestigial signal defense (VSD) is defined and evaluated and test results indicate that the presence of multipath complicated the setting of an appropriate spoofing detection threshold.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Navigation Message Authentication Proposal for the Galileo Open Service
Ignacio Fernandez-Hernandez,Vincent Rijmen,Gonzalo Seco-Granados,Javier Simon,Irma Rodríguez,J. David Calle +5 more
TL;DR: This paper presents a Navigation Message Authentication scheme based on the Timed Efficient Stream Loss-tolerant Authentication (TESLA) protocol and a novel concept based on a single one-way chain for all senders and cross-authentication in the Galileo Open Service (OS) navigation message.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Survey of Spoofing and Counter-Measures
TL;DR: A cryptographic signature of the navigation message would furthermore improve the detectability of fake synthetic signals, and should be implemented in the definition of new GNSS signals.
References
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HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
TL;DR: This document describes HMAC, a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions that can be used with any iterative cryptographic hash function, e.g., MD5, SHA-1, in combination with a secret shared key.
The TESLA Broadcast Authentication Protocol
TL;DR: The TESLA (Timed Efficient Stream Loss-tolerant Authentication) broadcast authentication protocol is presented, an efficient protocol with low communication and computation overhead, which scales to large numbers of receivers, and tolerates packet loss.
Status of Galileo Frequency and Signal Design
Guenter W. Hein,Jeremie Godet,Jean-Luc Issler,Jean-Christophe Martin,Philippe Erhard,Rafael Lucas-Rodriguez,Tony Pratt +6 more
TL;DR: The paper presents the status of the Galileo frequency and signal structure, status Sept. 2002 and new results on reciprocal GPS/Galileo signal degradation due to signal overlay are presented showing a minimum impact and confirming the high level of interoperability of the two systems.
The New L2 Civil Signal
TL;DR: The L2 civil signal (L2C) signal was proposed by GPS World Magazine as discussed by the authors, which will be transmitted by modernized IIR(IIR-M) and all subsequent GPS satellites.
Overview of the GPS M Code Signal
Brian C. Barker,John W. Betz,John E. Clark,Jeffrey T. Correia,James T. Gillis,Steven Lazar,Kaysi A. Rehborn,John R. Straton Iii +7 more
TL;DR: The paper describes the modulation design, along with aspects of the design for signal acquisition and the data message, and outlines some of the aspects of implementing M code signal transmission on modernized satellites, and M code signals reception in a new generation of User Equipment.