Species–area relationships and marine conservation
TLDR
Because the SPAR does not require detailed knowledge of the requirements of individual species, it is still used to estimate local species richness and to predict the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity.Abstract:
The species–area relationship (SPAR) was the central paradigm for the emerging science of reserve design in the 1970s and early 1980s. The apparent consistency of the SPAR for natural areas suggested that it could be used to predict the number of species that would be maintained within the isolated confines of a nature reserve. This proposed use of the SPAR led to heated debates about how best to partition space among reserves. However, by the end of the 1980s, the SPAR was no longer a central issue in reserve design. There was too much uncertainty about the underlying causes of the SPAR to trust that it would hold for reserves. The SPAR was also inappropriate for the design of single-species reserves and thus did not answer the traditional needs of wildlife managers. Ecologists subsequently focused their reserve-design efforts on the management of individual populations to reduce the probability of extinction and the loss of genetic variation. Nevertheless, because the SPAR does not require detailed knowledge of the requirements of individual species, it is still used to estimate local species richness and to predict the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity. These applications of the SPAR may be especially useful in the design of marine reserves, which often differ in purpose from conventional terrestrial reserves and may require fundamentally different approaches.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The Theory of Island Biogeography
TL;DR: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols used xiii 1.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plugging a hole in the ocean: the emerging science of marine reserves1
TL;DR: This paper aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, as to provide real-time information about the response of the immune system to infectious disease and other infectious diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Population models for marine reserve design: A retrospective and prospective synthesis
Leah R. Gerber,Louis W. Botsford,Alan Hastings,Hugh P. Possingham,Steven D. Gaines,Stephen R. Palumbi,Sandy J. Andelman +6 more
TL;DR: Model results indicate that marine reserves could play a beneficial role in the protection of marine systems against overfishing and further modeling and analysis will greatly improve prospects for a better understanding of the potential of marine reserves for conserving biodiversity.
Book ChapterDOI
Delineation of the Indo-Malayan Centre of Maximum Marine Biodiversity: The Coral Triangle
TL;DR: A detailed biogeographical study of the Fungiidae, a family of corals that disperse through larvae, is used to present a model for a diversity center and the processes that may have caused its present position as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Matching marine reserve design to reserve objectives.
TL;DR: It is argued that recent findings in marine ecology suggest that this debate over marine reserves is largely unnecessary, and that a single general design of a network of reserves of moderate size and variable spacing can meet the needs and goals of most stakeholders interested in marine resources.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
What do genetics and ecology tell us about the design of nature reserves
TL;DR: The best way to estimate the minimum sizes of reserves may be a three-step process that identifies target or keystone species whose disappearance would significantly decrease the value or species diversity of the reserve, including the importance of predation and herbivory in the maintenance of species diversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Establishment and Development of a Marine Epifaunal Community
TL;DR: Five major factors were found to be important to both the development of the community and its distribution on the rocks: the selectivity of the metamorphosing larvae as to site of attachment; the seasonal fluctuat...
Journal ArticleDOI
Island biogeography theory and conservation practice.
TL;DR: The application of island biogeography theory to conservation practice is premature because a major conclusion of such applications—that refuges should always consist of the largest possible single area—can be incorrect under a variety of biologically feasible conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two Decades of Homage to Santa Rosalia: Toward a General Theory of Diversity
TL;DR: The development of theoretical community ecology over the last two decades is examined in an attempt to determine why some avenues of investigation have proven disappointing, whereas others, such as the theory of island biogeography, have enjoyed at least modest success.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extinction risk in the sea
TL;DR: The ideas of Huxley and Lamarck persist to this day, despite a sea change in the scale and depth of their influence on the oceans, and marine species could be at a far greater risk of extinction than the authors have assumed.