Species–area relationships and marine conservation
TLDR
Because the SPAR does not require detailed knowledge of the requirements of individual species, it is still used to estimate local species richness and to predict the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity.Abstract:
The species–area relationship (SPAR) was the central paradigm for the emerging science of reserve design in the 1970s and early 1980s. The apparent consistency of the SPAR for natural areas suggested that it could be used to predict the number of species that would be maintained within the isolated confines of a nature reserve. This proposed use of the SPAR led to heated debates about how best to partition space among reserves. However, by the end of the 1980s, the SPAR was no longer a central issue in reserve design. There was too much uncertainty about the underlying causes of the SPAR to trust that it would hold for reserves. The SPAR was also inappropriate for the design of single-species reserves and thus did not answer the traditional needs of wildlife managers. Ecologists subsequently focused their reserve-design efforts on the management of individual populations to reduce the probability of extinction and the loss of genetic variation. Nevertheless, because the SPAR does not require detailed knowledge of the requirements of individual species, it is still used to estimate local species richness and to predict the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity. These applications of the SPAR may be especially useful in the design of marine reserves, which often differ in purpose from conventional terrestrial reserves and may require fundamentally different approaches.read more
Citations
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Integrating Marine Protected Areas in fisheries management systems: some criteria for ecological efficiency
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the scientific literature and a more in-depth qualitative meta-analysis of 16 case studies distributed worldwide was conducted to study impacts of MPAs on marine living resources, ecosystems and related fisheries and highlight their criteria of efficiency as management tools for sustainable exploitation.
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Habitat connectivity and spatial complexity differentially affect mangrove and salt marsh fish assemblages
TL;DR: Patch shape was the most highly influential variable in both habitats associated with enhanced fish species richness and density, and salt marsh fish assemblage structure was negatively correlated with intertidal mudflat extent, patch seaward edge length and patch depth.
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Geographic Distribution Pattern of Threatened Plants of India and Steps Taken for their Conservation
TL;DR: A review of the existing knowledge on geographic distribution pattern of threatened plants of India, their threat status, and conservation action undertaken to recover these species is presented in this article, where the available data, unravel patterns of distribution of these threatened plants in different states of India.
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Establishing Marine Reserves How Can Science Best Inform Policy
Lydia K. Bergen,Mark H. Carr +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, three case studies of establishing marine reserves along the U.S. West Coast offer insights into what works well and what does not within the complex frameworks of the political and natural environments, some approaches of incorporating scientific knowledge into the policymaking process are more effective than others.
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A framework for assessing the biodiversity and fishery aspects of marine reserves.
Phillip S. Levin,Isaac C. Kaplan,Rikki Grober-Dunsmore,Paul M. Chittaro,Seichi Oyamada,Kate I. Andrews,Kate I. Andrews,Marc Mangel +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between area and species richness in a diverse assemblage of fishes along the US West Coast and then used parameters from this relationship as input for a model that considers trade-o!s between fisheries yield and the number of species protected by different management strategies.
References
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TL;DR: Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols used xiii 1.
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