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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Steganography techniques for ECG signals : A survey

TLDR
Various ECG Steganography techniques that have been used by researchers are discussed; in which patient details and diagnosis report are embedded into ECG signals.
Abstract
Medical Images have been widely used to diagnose and detect the abnormalities in the human body. In this study, we have focused on ECG (Electrocardiography) signals which play a vital role in diagnosing Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD). CVD is most prevalent among the people because of changing lifestyle, Age, Tobacco, etc. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) report in 2012, around 17 million people die each year because of CVD, which represents 31% of the overall death rate. Due to the advancement in the e-Health care system, most of the ECG signals along with the patient's sensitive data are transmitted among doctors and hospitals for detailed analysis. According to the HIPAA act, it should be made sure that patient's details are to be sent securely during the transmission. In this study various ECG Steganography techniques that have been used by researchers are discussed; in which patient details and diagnosis report are embedded into ECG signals.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Optimizing Wavelet ECG Watermarking to Maintain Measurement Performance According to Industrial Standard

TL;DR: Experimental work on the assessment of the loss of ECG (electrocardiogram signal) diagnostic quality from the industrial standard EN60601-2-25:2015 point of view is presented and the Symlet of 11-th order is found as the best of the wavelets that were tested.
Journal ArticleDOI

A New Wavelet Based Steganography Method for Securing Medical Data

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a solution combining data encryption techniques and multiscale signal analysis for securing patients' confidential data, where the confidential patient information and the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal are first encrypted with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) method.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Integrating the Exercise and Environmental Data Into a Digital ECG Structure by Watermarking Technique

TL;DR: A method for integrating the exercise and environmental data into a digital ECG structure by watermarking technique is presented and it is proved the watermarked ECG to maintain the wave borders accuracy within tolerance limits.
References
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Reversible Watermarking by Difference Expansion

TL;DR: A high capacity and high quality reversible watermarking method based on difference expansion that does not need to compress original values of the embedding area and explores the redundancy in the digital content to achieve reversibility.
Journal ArticleDOI

Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition Based ECG Steganography for Secured Patient Information Transmission

TL;DR: An approach that uses discrete wavelet transform to decompose signals and singular value decomposition (SVD) to embed the secret information into the decomposed ECG signal and the observations validate that HH is the ideal sub-band to hide data.
Journal ArticleDOI

Imperceptibility-Robustness tradeoff studies for ECG steganography using Continuous Ant Colony Optimization

TL;DR: The novelty of the proposed approach is to use CACO in ECG Steganography, to identify Multiple Scaling Factors (MSFs) that will provide a better tradeoff compared to uniform Single Scaling Factor (SSF) and the results validate that the tradeoff curve obtained through MSFs is better than the tradeoffs obtained for any SSF.
Journal ArticleDOI

Hiding Patients Confidential Datainthe ECG Signal viaa Transform-Domain Quantization Scheme

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used quantization based digital watermark encryption technology on the Electrocardiogram (ECG) to protect patient rights and information, which is the most widely used technology in the field of copyright and biological information protection.
Journal ArticleDOI

ECG steganography using curvelet transform

TL;DR: An attempt has been made to use curvelet transforms which permit identifying the coefficients that store the crucial information about diagnosis in ECG steganography to validate that coefficients around zero are ideal for watermarking to minimize deterioration and there is no loss in the data retrieved.
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