Journal ArticleDOI
Stereoscopic video watermarking: a comparative study
TLDR
It was established that for a fixed size of the mark, a hybrid watermark insertion performed into a new disparity map representation is the only solution jointly featuring imperceptibility, robustness against the three classes of attacks, and nonprohibitive computational cost.Abstract:
Despite the sound theoretical, methodological, and experimental background inherited from 2D video, the stereoscopic video watermarking imposed itself as an open research topic. Paving the way towards practical deployment of such copyright protection mechanisms, the present paper is structured as a comparative study on the main classes of 2D watermarking methods (spread spectrum, side information, hybrid) and on their related optimal stereoscopic insertion domains (view or disparity based). The performances are evaluated in terms of transparency, robustness, and computational cost. First, the watermarked content transparency is assessed by both subjective protocols (according to ITU-R BT 500-12 and BT 1438 recommendations) and objective quality measures (five metrics based on differences between pixels and on correlation). Secondly, the robustness is objectively expressed by means of the watermark detection bit error rate against several classes of attacks, such as linear and nonlinear filtering, compression, and geometric transformations. Thirdly, the computational cost is estimated for each processing step involved in the watermarking chain. All the quantitative results are obtained out of processing two corpora of stereoscopic visual content: (1) the 3DLive corpus, summing up about 2 h of 3D TV content captured by French professionals, and (2) the MPEG 3D video reference corpus, composed of 17 min provided by both academic communities and industrials. It was thus established that for a fixed size of the mark, a hybrid watermark insertion performed into a new disparity map representation is the only solution jointly featuring imperceptibility (according to the subjective tests), robustness against the three classes of attacks, and nonprohibitive computational cost.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Asymmetric self-recovery oriented stereo image watermarking method for three dimensional video system
TL;DR: Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed asymmetric self-recovery oriented stereo image watermarking method can reconstruct tamper efficiently and outperform other stereo imageWatermarking methods, especially for extensive tamper.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Review on Anaglyph 3D Image and Video Watermarking
TL;DR: It is concluded that signature can be embedded during the generation stage and the anaglyph video watermarking field is still not mature and new techniques should be proposed to improve the invisibility/robustness trade-off.
Dissertation
Robust watermarking techniques for stereoscopic video protection
TL;DR: In this paper, a new disparity map (3D video-New Three Step Search -3DV-NTSS) is designed and a comparative study on the main classes of 2D inherited watermarking methods and on their related optimal insertion domains is carried out.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Subjective quality assessment for stereoscopic video: case study on robust watermarking
TL;DR: It is theoretically demonstrated that the scores assigned by the observers on a continuous grading scale can be a posteriori mapped to any discrete grading scale, with controlled statistical accuracy.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
A Watermarking Algorithm for 3D Videos Stream Based on Spatiotemporal Correlation
Li Wenfeng,Gangyi Jiang,Luo Ting +2 more
TL;DR: A new watermarking algorithm for 3D videos stream without distortion drift is proposed, and the drift- level of HBP coding structure is deeply investigated and the spatiotemporal correlations of3D videos are explored to increase the embedding capacity.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
TL;DR: It is argued that insertion of a watermark under this regime makes the watermark robust to signal processing operations and common geometric transformations provided that the original image is available and that it can be successfully registered against the transformed watermarked image.
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Error control coding : fundamentals and applications
Shu Lin,Daniel J. Costello +1 more
TL;DR: This book explains coding for Reliable Digital Transmission and Storage using Trellis-Based Soft-Decision Decoding Algorithms for Linear Block Codes and Convolutional Codes, and some of the techniques used in this work.
Book
Digital Watermarking
TL;DR: Digital Watermarking covers the crucial research findings in the field and explains the principles underlying digital watermarking technologies, describes the requirements that have given rise to them, and discusses the diverse ends to which these technologies are being applied.
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