Stochastic thermodynamics, fluctuation theorems and molecular machines
TLDR
Efficiency and, in particular, efficiency at maximum power can be discussed systematically beyond the linear response regime for two classes of molecular machines, isothermal ones such as molecular motors, and heat engines such as thermoelectric devices, using a common framework based on a cycle decomposition of entropy production.Abstract:
Stochastic thermodynamics as reviewed here systematically provides a framework for extending the notions of classical thermodynamics such as work, heat and entropy production to the level of individual trajectories of well-defined non-equilibrium ensembles. It applies whenever a non-equilibrium process is still coupled to one (or several) heat bath(s) of constant temperature. Paradigmatic systems are single colloidal particles in time-dependent laser traps, polymers in external flow, enzymes and molecular motors in single molecule assays, small biochemical networks and thermoelectric devices involving single electron transport. For such systems, a first-law like energy balance can be identified along fluctuating trajectories. For a basic Markovian dynamics implemented either on the continuum level with Langevin equations or on a discrete set of states as a master equation, thermodynamic consistency imposes a local-detailed balance constraint on noise and rates, respectively. Various integral and detailed fluctuation theorems, which are derived here in a unifying approach from one master theorem, constrain the probability distributions for work, heat and entropy production depending on the nature of the system and the choice of non-equilibrium conditions. For non-equilibrium steady states, particularly strong results hold like a generalized fluctuation–dissipation theorem involving entropy production. Ramifications and applications of these concepts include optimal driving between specified states in finite time, the role of measurement-based feedback processes and the relation between dissipation and irreversibility. Efficiency and, in particular, efficiency at maximum power can be discussed systematically beyond the linear response regime for two classes of molecular machines, isothermal ones such as molecular motors, and heat engines such as thermoelectric devices, using a common framework based on a cycle decomposition of entropy production. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal) This article was invited by Erwin Frey.read more
Citations
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Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry
TL;DR: Van Kampen as mentioned in this paper provides an extensive graduate-level introduction which is clear, cautious, interesting and readable, and could be expected to become an essential part of the library of every physical scientist concerned with problems involving fluctuations and stochastic processes.
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Active Particles in Complex and Crowded Environments
Clemens Bechinger,Roberto Di Leonardo,Hartmut Löwen,Charles Reichhardt,Giorgio Volpe,Giovanni Volpe +5 more
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From quantum chaos and eigenstate thermalization to statistical mechanics and thermodynamics
TL;DR: The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) as discussed by the authors is a natural extension of quantum chaos and random matrix theory (RMT) that allows one to describe thermalization in isolated chaotic systems without invoking the notion of an external bath.
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Active Brownian Particles in Complex and Crowded Environments
Clemens Bechinger,Roberto Di Leonardo,Hartmut Löwen,Charles Reichhardt,Giorgio Volpe,Giovanni Volpe +5 more
TL;DR: Active Brownian particles, also referred to as microswimmers and nanoswimmers, are biological or manmade microscopic and nanoscopic particles that can self-propel as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
From Quantum Chaos and Eigenstate Thermalization to Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics
TL;DR: The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) as mentioned in this paper is a natural extension of quantum chaos and random matrix theory (RMT) and it allows one to describe thermalization in isolated chaotic systems without invoking the notion of an external bath.
References
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