Open AccessJournal Article
Student Body Racial and Ethnic Composition and Diversity-Related Outcomes in US Medical Schools. Commentary
Somnath Saha,Gretchen Guiton,Paul F. Wimmers,LuAnn Wilkerson,Olveen Carrasquillo,Elizabeth Lee-Rey +5 more
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TLDR
This paper found that white students within the highest quintile for student body racial and ethnic diversity, measured by the proportion of underrepresented minority (URM) students, were more likely to rate themselves as highly prepared to care for minority populations than those in the lowest diversity quintile (61.1 % vs 53.9 %, respectively; P<.001).Abstract:
Context Many medical schools assert that a racially and ethnically diverse student body is an important element in educating physicians to meet the needs of a diverse society. However, there is limited evidence addressing the educational effects of student body racial diversity. Objective To determine whether student body racial and ethnic diversity is associated with diversity-related outcomes among US medical students. Design, Setting, and Participants A Web-based survey (Graduation Questionnaire) administered by the Association of American Medical Colleges of 20112 graduating medical students (64% of all graduating students in 2003 and 2004) from 118 allopathic medical schools in the United States. Historically black and Puerto Rican medical schools were excluded. Main Outcome Measures Students' self-rated preparedness to care for patients from other racial and ethnic backgrounds, attitudes about equity and access to care, and intent to practice in an underserved area. Results White students within the highest quintile for student body racial and ethnic diversity, measured by the proportion of underrepresented minority (URM) students, were more likely to rate themselves as highly prepared to care for minority populations than those in the lowest diversity quintile (61.1 % vs 53.9 %, respectively; P<.001; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.13-1.57). This association was strongest in schools in which students perceived a positive climate for interracial interaction. White students in the highest URM quintile were also more likely to have strong attitudes endorsing equitable access to care (54.8% vs 44.2%, respectively; P<.001; adjusted OR, 1.42; 95% Cl, 1.15-1.74). For nonwhite students, after adjustment there were no significant associations between student body URM proportions and diversity-related outcomes. Student body URM proportions were not associated with white or nonwhite students' plans to practice in underserved communities, although URM students were substantially more likely than white or nonwhite/ non-URM students to plan to serve the underserved (48.7% vs 18.8% vs 16.2%, respectively; P<.001). Conclusion Student body racial and ethnic diversity within US medical schools is associated with outcomes consistent with the goal of preparing students to meet the needs of a diverse population.read more
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The impact of racism on clinician cognition, behavior, and clinical decision making
Michelle van Ryn,Diana J. Burgess,John F. Dovidio,Sean M. Phelan,Somnath Saha,Jennifer Malat,Joan M. Griffin,Steven S. Fu,Sylvia P. Perry +8 more
TL;DR: Evidence from several disciplines is applied to further specify the original model identifying mechanisms through which clinicians' behavior, cognition, and decision making might be influenced by implicit racial biases and explicit racial stereotypes, and thereby contribute to racial inequities in care.
Journal ArticleDOI
Medical School Experiences Associated with Change in Implicit Racial Bias Among 3547 Students: A Medical Student CHANGES Study Report
Mph Michelle van Ryn PhD,Rachel R. Hardeman,Sean M. Phelan,Diana J. Burgess,Diana J. Burgess,John F. Dovidio,Jeph Herrin,Sara E. Burke,David B. Nelson,David B. Nelson,Sylvia P. Perry,Mark W. Yeazel,Julia M. Przedworski +12 more
TL;DR: These findings are notable given that even small differences in implicit racial attitudes have been shown to affect behavior and that implicit attitudes are developed over a long period of repeated exposure and are difficult to change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improving Diversity, Inclusion, and Representation in Radiology and Radiation Oncology Part 1: Why These Matter
Johnson B. Lightfoote,Julia R. Fielding,Curtiland Deville,Richard B. Gunderman,Gail N. Morgan,Pari V. Pandharipande,Andre J. Duerinckx,Raymond B. Wynn,Katarzyna J. Macura +8 more
TL;DR: The ACR Commission for Women and General Diversity is committed to identifying barriers to a diverse physician workforce in radiology and radiation oncology (RRO), and to offering policy recommendations to overcome these barriers.
Journal ArticleDOI
"I am a doctor": negotiating the discourses of standardization and diversity in professional identity construction.
Heather Frost,Glenn Regehr +1 more
TL;DR: To influence medical students’ professional identity construction, the authors advocate that educators seek change across the profession—faculty must acknowledge and take advantage of the tension between the discourses of standardization and diversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of the Prevalence of Medical Student Mistreatment by Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Sexual Orientation
Katherine A Hill,Elizabeth A. Samuels,Cary P. Gross,Mayur M. Desai,Nicole Sitkin Zelin,Darin Latimore,Stephen J. Huot,Laura D. Cramer,Ambrose H. Wong,Dowin Boatright +9 more
TL;DR: Female, URM, Asian, multiracial, and LGB students seem to bear a disproportionate burden of the mistreatment reported in medical schools, and addressing the disparate mist treatment reported will be an important step to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in medical education.
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Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
TL;DR: In this article, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment, examining how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looking at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities.
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Enhancing Campus Climates for Racial/Ethnic Diversity: Educational Policy and Practice
TL;DR: For example, this paper found that fewer than 2% used paradigms that addressed issues of race from a critical perspective with the goal of producing meaningful change, while the majority of the studies focused on the most problematic discriminatory behaviors of faculty.
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The Case For Diversity In The Health Care Workforce
TL;DR: The long-term solution to achieving adequate diversity in the health professions depends upon fundamental reforms of the precollege education system, and affirmative action tools in health professions schools are critical to achieving a diverse health care workforce.
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Passive Smoking and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease — A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of the risk of coronary heart disease associated with passive smoking among nonsmokers and found that passive smoking was associated with an increased risk of heart disease.