Studies on Biological Effects of Ion Beams on Lethality, Molecular Nature of Mutation, Mutation Rate, and Spectrum of Mutation Phenotype for Mutation Breeding in Higher Plants
TLDR
The results indicated that the characteristics of ion beams for mutation induction are high mutation frequency and broad mutation spectrum and therefore, efficient induction of novel mutants.Abstract:
Recently, heavy ions or ion beams have been used to generate new mutants or varieties, especially in higher plants. It has been found that ion beams show high relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of growth inhibition, lethality, and so on, but the characteristics of ion beams on mutation have not been clearly elucidated. To understand the effect of ion beams on mutation induction, mutation rates were investigated using visible known Arabidopsis mutant phenotypes, indicating that mutation frequencies induced by carbon ions were 20-fold higher than by electrons. In chrysanthemum and carnation, flower-color and flower-form mutants, which are hardly produced by gamma rays or X rays, were induced by ion beams. Novel mutants and their responsible genes, such as UV-B resistant, serrated petals and sepals, anthocyaninless, etc. were induced by ion beams. These results indicated that the characteristics of ion beams for mutation induction are high mutation frequency and broad mutation spectrum and therefore, efficient induction of novel mutants. On the other hand, PCR and sequencing analyses showed that half of all mutants induced by ion beams possessed large DNA alterations, while the rest had point-like mutations. Both mutations induced by ion beams had a common feature that deletion of several bases were predominantly induced. It is plausible that ion beams induce a limited amount of large and irreparable DNA damage, resulting in production of a null mutation that shows a new mutant phenotype.read more
Citations
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Ion-beam irradiation, gene identification, and marker-assisted breeding in the development of low-cadmium rice
Satoru Ishikawa,Yasuhiro Ishimaru,Yasuhiro Ishimaru,Masato Igura,Masato Kuramata,Tadashi Abe,Takeshi Senoura,Yoshihiro Hase,Tomohito Arao,Naoko K. Nishizawa,Naoko K. Nishizawa,Hiromi Nakanishi +11 more
TL;DR: Because mutants produced by ion-beam radiation are not transgenic plants, they are likely to be accepted by consumers and thus represent a practical choice for rice production worldwide.
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Effects of sparsely and densely ionizing radiation on plants
TL;DR: Main results from studies on the effect of ionizing radiations, including cosmic rays, on plants, focusing on genetic alterations, modifications of growth and reproduction and changes in biochemical pathways especially photosynthetic behaviour confirm what is known from animal studies: densely ionizing radiator are more efficient in inducing damages at several different levels, in comparison with sparsely ionizing radiation.
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Characterization of highly efficient heavy-ion mutagenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.
TL;DR: The C ions with LETmax showed high mutation efficiency and predominantly induced base substitutions or small deletions/insertions, most of which were null mutations, which can be determined by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection systems.
References
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FRL1 is required for petal and sepal development in Arabidopsis.
TL;DR: Observations indicate that the frl1 mutation affects the number of cell divisions and the subsequent cell expansion during the late stage of petal lamina formation, and that FRL1 might be maintaining the mitotic state or suppressing the transition to the endo-reduplication cycle.
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Rearrangements of the DNA in Carbon Ion-Induced Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana
TL;DR: The results suggest that the NHEJ pathway operates after plant cells are exposed to ion particles, and DNA strand breaks induced by carbon ions were found to be rejoined using, if present, only short homologous sequences.
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A new Arabidopsis mutant induced by ion beams affects flavonoid synthesis with spotted pigmentation in testa.
Atsushi Tanaka,Shigemitsu Tano,Thanes Chantes,Yukihiko Yokota,Naoya Shikazono,Hiroshi Watanabe +5 more
TL;DR: Reciprocal crosses between ast mutant and the wild-type indicated that ast is a single recessive gene mutation and segregates as a delayed inheritance, and the results of crossing with tt7 and ttg mutants confirmed that the AST gene is probably a regulatory locus that controls flavonoid biosynthesis.
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Ectopic endoreduplication caused by sterol alteration results in serrated petals in Arabidopsis
TL;DR: The Arabidopsis frill1 mutant, that has serrated petals and sepals but no other large changes in plant morphology, was studied and it was found that the frl1 mutation causes ectopic endoreduplication in petal tips that do not normally endorduplicate.