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Taking science to school: Learning and teaching science in grades K-8. Committee on Science Learning, Kindergarten through 8th grade: National Research Council, Board on Science Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education

TLDR
Taking Science to School as mentioned in this paper provides a comprehensive view of what we know about teaching and learning science from kindergarten through eighth grade, focusing on a broad range of questions, including when children begin to learn about science and how to do science.
Abstract
What is science for a child? How do children learn about science and how to do science? Drawing on a vast array of work from neuroscience to classroom observation, Taking Science to School provides a comprehensive picture of what we know about teaching and learning science from kindergarten through eighth grade. By looking at a broad range of questions, this book provides a basic foundation for guiding science teaching and supporting students in their learning. Taking Science to School answers such questions as: * When do children begin to learn about science? Are there critical stages in a child's development of such scientific concepts as mass or animate objects? * What role does nonschool learning play in children's knowledge of science? * How can science education capitalize on children's natural curiosity? * What are the best tasks for books, lectures, and hands-on learning? * How can teachers be taught to teach science? The book also provides a detailed examination of how we know what we know about children's learning of science--about the role of research and evidence. This book will be an essential resource for everyone involved in K-8 science education--teachers, principals, boards of education, teacher education providers and accreditors, education researchers, federal education agencies, and state and federal policy makers. It will also be a useful guide for parents and others interested in how children learn.

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Defining Computational Thinking for Mathematics and Science Classrooms

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References
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TL;DR: New developments in the science of learning as mentioned in this paper overview mind and brain how experts differ from novices how children learn learning and transfer the learning environment curriculum, instruction and commnity effective teaching.
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TL;DR: The results showed that those subjects, who reached two or more incorrect conclusions, were unable, or unwilling to test their hypotheses, and the implications are discussed in relation to scientific thinking.
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Mental Models of the Earth: A Study of Conceptual Change in Childhood

TL;DR: This article investigated elementary school children's conceptual knowledge about the earth and identified five alternative mental models of the earth: the rectangular earth, disc earth, dual earth, the hollow sphere, and the flattened sphere.
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Reasoning about a rule

TL;DR: It is argued that the subjects did not give evidence of having acquired the characteristics of Piaget's “formal operational thought,” and it is suggested that the difficulty is due to a mental set for expecting a relation of truth, correspondence, or match to hold between sentences and states of affairs.
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What “ideas‐about‐science” should be taught in school science? A Delphi study of the expert community

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a three stage Delphi questionnaire with 23 participants drawn from the communities of leading and acknowledged international experts of science educators; scientists; historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science; experts engaged in work to improve the public understanding of science and expert science teachers.