Teaching Empathy to Medical Students: An Updated, Systematic Review
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TLDR
It is suggested that educational interventions can be effective in maintaining and enhancing empathy in undergraduate medical students and highlighted the need for multicenter, randomized controlled trials, reporting long-term data to evaluate the longevity of intervention effects.Abstract:
PurposeSome research shows that empathy declines during medical school. The authors conducted an updated, systematic review of the literature on empathy-enhancing educational interventions in undergraduate medical education.MethodThe authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Webread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Appraising the quality of medical education research methods: the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale-Education.
David A. Cook,Darcy A. Reed +1 more
TL;DR: The MERSQI and NOS-E are useful, reliable, complementary tools for appraising methodological quality of medical education research, and interpretation and use of their scores should focus on item-specific codes rather than overall scores.
Journal ArticleDOI
Compassion: a scoping review of the healthcare literature
Shane Sinclair,Jill M. Norris,Shelagh McConnell,Harvey Max Chochinov,Thomas F. Hack,Neil A. Hagen,Susan McClement,Shelley Raffin Bouchal +7 more
TL;DR: This review identifies the limited empirical understanding of compassion in healthcare, highlighting the lack of patient and family voices in compassion research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sympathy, empathy, and compassion: A grounded theory study of palliative care patients’ understandings, experiences, and preferences
Shane Sinclair,Kate Beamer,Thomas F. Hack,Susan McClement,Shelley Raffin Bouchal,Harvey Max Chochinov,Neil A. Hagen +6 more
TL;DR: Although sympathy, empathy, and compassion are used interchangeably and frequently conflated in healthcare literature, patients distinguish and experience them uniquely and can guide practice, policy reform, and future research.
Journal ArticleDOI
The efficacy of empathy training: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
TL;DR: The findings indicate that empathy training tends to be effective and experimental research is warranted on the impact of different types of trainees, training conditions, and types of assessment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Do Contact and Empathy Mitigate Bias Against Gay and Lesbian People Among Heterosexual First-Year Medical Students? A Report From the Medical Student CHANGE Study.
Sara E. Burke,John F. Dovidio,Julia M. Przedworski,Rachel R. Hardeman,Sylvia P. Perry,Sean M. Phelan,David B. Nelson,Diana J. Burgess,Mark W. Yeazel,Michelle van Ryn +9 more
TL;DR: The prevalence of negative attitudes presents an important challenge for medical education, highlighting the need for more research on possible causes of bias, and findings on contact and empathy point to possible curriculum-based interventions aimed at ensuring high-quality care for sexual minorities.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) to facilitate a multidimensional approach to empathy, which includes four subscales: Perspective-Taking (PT), Fantasy (FS), Empathic Concern (EC), and Personal Distress (PD).
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Patient adherence to treatment: three decades of research: a comprehensive review
TL;DR: Relevant studies were retrieved through comprehensive searches of different database systems to enable a thorough assessment of the major issues in compliance to prescribed medical interventions.
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Physician-Patient Communication: The Relationship With Malpractice Claims Among Primary Care Physicians and Surgeons
TL;DR: The study identifies specific and teachable communication behaviors associated with fewer malpractice claims for primary care physicians and surgeons and can use these findings as they seek to improve communication and decrease malpractice risk.
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The Devil is in the Third Year: A Longitudinal Study of Erosion of Empathy in Medical School
Mohammadreza Hojat,Michael J. Vergare,Kaye Maxwell,George C. Brainard,Steven K. Herrine,Gerald A. Isenberg,John Veloski,Joseph S. Gonnella +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that a significant decline in empathy occurs during the third year of medical school, and it is ironic that the erosion of empathy occurs when the curriculum is shifting toward patient-care activities; this is when empathy is most essential.