Tectonics of Tharsis Dorsa on Mars

TLDR: In this paper, it was shown that the radial compressional forces generated by the tendency for downslope movement of surface strata, vertical volcanic intrusions and traction of mantle spreading beneath Tharsis were transmitted through the lithosphere to form peripheral mare ridge zones.

Abstract: The tectonics of the Tharsis and adjoining areas is considered to be associated with the convection in the Martian mantle. Convection and mantle plume have been responsible for the primary uplift and volcanism of the Tharsis area. The radial compressional forces generated by the tendency for downslope movement of surface strata, vertical volcanic intrusions and traction of mantle spreading beneath Tharsis were transmitted through the lithosphere to form peripheral mare ridge zones. The locations of mare ridges were thus mainly controlled by the Tharsis-radial compression. The load-induced stresses then contributed on further ridge formation over an extended period of time by the isostatic readjustment which was reponsible for long-term stresses in the adjoining areas. Extrusions, changes in internal temperature and possible phase changes may also have caused changes in mantle volume giving rise to additional compressional forces and crustal deformations.