This article presents an Executive Summary of the conclusions and recommendations of the 10-chapter TFOS DEWS II report.
Abstract:
This article presents an Executive Summary of the conclusions and recommendations of the 10-chapter TFOS DEWS II report. The entire TFOS DEWS II report was published in the July 2017 issue of The Ocular Surface. A downloadable version of the document and additional material, including videos of diagnostic and management techniques, are available on the TFOS website: www.TearFilm.org.
TL;DR: It is suggested that eyelid hygiene improves the ocular surface and tear film quality with reduced ocular symptoms and better vision-related quality of life in this population of operating room staff.
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the factors that lead to placebo/vehicle response in DED trials is presented, focusing on the aspects of clinical trial design that can be improved to mitigate vehicle response.
TL;DR: In this paper, the enantiomer of AR-15512 and the diastereomer at the C-1 were synthesized and fully characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis, and new HPLC methods were designed and developed for the identification of the two stereoisomers and their comparison with the clinical candidate.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors described the effect of the gut microbiota on the ocular surface of Sjögren syndrome (SS) and introduced the presumable pathways forming the "gut dysbiosis-ocular surface-lacrimal gland axis".
TL;DR: The new definition recognizes the multifactorial nature of dry eye as a disease where loss of homeostasis of the tear film is the central pathophysiological concept and central to the scheme is a positive diagnosis of DED with signs and symptoms, and this is directed towards management to restore homeostosis.
TL;DR: The subcommittee reviewed the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, natural history, morbidity and questionnaires reported in epidemiological studies of dry eye disease and confirmed that prevalence increases with age, however signs showed a greater increase per decade than symptoms.
TL;DR: The role of the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) II Diagnostic Methodology Subcommittee was to identify tests used to diagnose and monitor dry eye disease (DED) to identify those most appropriate to fulfil the definition of DED and its sub-classifications.
TL;DR: The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease, finding the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation to be important.
TL;DR: It became clear that many of the treatments available for the management of dry eye disease lack the necessary Level 1 evidence to support their recommendation, often due to a lack of appropriate masking, randomization or controls and in some cases due to issues with selection bias or inadequate sample size.
A key event in non-cicatricial MGD is hyperkeratinization of the terminal ducts, leading to duct obstruction, duct dilatation and disuse atrophy of the glands.
Q2. What are the contributions in "Tfos dews ii report executive summary" ?
This article presents an Executive Summary of the conclusions and recommendations of the 10-chapter TFOS DEWS II report. The entire TFOS DEWS II report was published in the July 2017 issue of The Ocular Surface.
Q3. What is the role of androgens in the development of MGD?
Androgen deficiency, in turn, predisposes to lacrimal gland dysfunction, serves as a risk factor for MGD, and is associated with the development of both ADDE and EDE.
Q4. What was the key to creating an internationally accepted definition of dry eye?
”The terminology in this definition, including diction, word order, emphasis, and accepted meaning, was critical in creating an internationally accepted definition.
Q5. How many scientific reports have been published since 1945?
since 1945, more than 575,000 scientific reports have been published which address the basic and/or clinical impact of sex on human physiology and pathophysiology.
Q6. What is the role of estrogens at the ocular surface?
In contrast to androgens, the role of estrogens at the ocular surface is less well defined, with effects that appear to be sex-, tissue-, and dose-specific.
Q7. What are the future directions to address iatrogenic DED?
Future directions to address iatrogenic DED include more in depth epidemiological studies about the risk factors, development of less toxic medications and preservatives, as well as new techniques for less invasive eye surgeries.
Q8. What causes the aqueous tears to be delivered to the lacrimal sac?
The delivery of aqueous tears to the tear sac can also be reduced by obstruction to the lacrimal ducts, which might occur in any form of cicatricial conjunctival disease, such as trachoma, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, erythema multiforme, graft-versushost-disease and chemical burns.
Q9. What is the primary basis for tear hyperosmolarity?
In this case, early tear film breakup is hypothesized to be the primary basis for tear film hyperosmolarity initially experienced locally at the site of breakup, and with increasing severity, at some point becoming detectable in tear meniscus samples.
Q10. What is the role of the trpv1 channel in the development of the tear?
Improvements in the ability to characterize the biochemistry of the tear film may lead to the identification of new markers that can be used to diagnose, potentially predict, and even treat DED.
Q11. What factors are considered to be important for the study of DED?
Geographical mapping approaches will further allow the impact of climate, environment and socioeconomic factors on DED to be elucidated.