The economic burden of major adult visual disorders in the United States
David B. Rein,Ping Zhang,Kathleen E. Wirth,Paul P. Lee,Thomas J. Hoerger,Nancy McCall,Ronald Klein,James M. Tielsch,Sandeep Vijan,Jinan B. Saaddine +9 more
TLDR
Major visual disorders among Americans older than 40 years result in substantial economic costs for the US economy and well-designed public health programs may have the ability to reduce this burden in the future.Abstract:
Objective To estimate the societal economic burden and the governmental budgetary impact of the following visual disorders among US adults aged 40 years and older: visual impairment, blindness, refractive error, age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and primary open-angle glaucoma. Design We estimated 3 components of economic burden: direct medical costs, other direct costs, and productivity losses. We used private insurance and Medicare claims data to estimate direct medical costs; epidemiologic evidence from multiple published sources to estimate other direct costs, such as nursing home costs; and data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to estimate productivity losses. We used budgetary documents and our direct medical and other direct cost estimates to approximate the governmental budgetary impact. Results We estimated that the annual total financial burden of major adult visual disorders is $35.4 billion ($16.2 billion in direct medical costs, $11.1 billion in other direct costs, and $8 billion in productivity losses) and that the annual governmental budgetary impact is $13.7 billion. Conclusions Major visual disorders among Americans older than 40 years result in substantial economic costs for the US economy. Well-designed public health programs may have the ability to reduce this burden in the future.read more
Citations
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Increased Prevalence of Myopia in the United States Between 1971-1972 and 1999-2004
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Diabetic retinopathy: global prevalence, major risk factors, screening practices and public health challenges: a review.
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Prevalence of refractive error in the United States, 1999-2004.
TL;DR: Estimates based on the 1999-2004 NHANES vision examination data indicate that clinically important refractive error affects half of the US population 20 years or older.
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The worldwide epidemic of diabetic retinopathy.
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Corneal collagen crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light in progressive keratoconus: Ten-year results
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References
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Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes
TL;DR: The fourth edition of the Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes as mentioned in this paper has been thoroughly revised and updated, making it essential reading for anyone commissioning, undertaking, or using economic evaluations in health care, including health service professionals, health economists, and health care decision makers.
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Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes
TL;DR: Using archival material supplemented by interviews with community physicians, Jane Lewis shows how 'public health' and 'preventive medicine' have been supplanted as the central concern of medicine by curative and acute specialties.
Journal ArticleDOI
A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8
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TL;DR: People older than 55 years should have dilated eye examinations to determine their risk of developing advanced AMD and those with extensive intermediate size drusen, at least 1 large druse, noncentral geographic atrophy in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye should consider taking a supplement of antioxidants plus zinc.
Book
Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes
TL;DR: The role of health economics is becoming firmly established in the evaluation of health care programs and can serve as a basic text for students hoping to understand the complex methodologies of economic evaluation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States.
Nathan Congdon,O'Colmain Bj,Caroline C W Klaver,Ronald Klein,Beatriz Munoz,David S. Friedman,John H. Kempen,Hugh R. Taylor,Paul Mitchell +8 more
TL;DR: The prevalence of visual disabilities will increase markedly during the next 20 years, owing largely to the aging of the US population.
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