Journal ArticleDOI
The Efficacy of Influenza Vaccination in Elderly Individuals: A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-Controlled Trial
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TLDR
In the elderly, influenza vaccination may halve the incidence of serological and clinical influenza (in periods of antigenic drift), which is less pronounced for self-reported influenza.Abstract:
Objective. —To determine the efficacy of influenza vaccination in elderly people. Design. —Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Setting. —Fifteen family practices in the Netherlands during influenza season 1991-1992. Participants. —A total of 1838 subjects aged 60 years or older, not known as belonging to those high-risk groups in which vaccination was previously given. Intervention. —Purified split-virion vaccine containing A/Singapore/6/86(H1N1), A/Beijing/353/89(H3N2), B/Beijing/1/87, and B/Panama/45/90 (n=927) or intramuscular placebo containing physiological saline solution (n=911). Main Outcome Measures. —Patients presenting with influenzalike illness up to 5 months after vaccination; self-reported influenza in postal questionnaires 10 weeks and 5 months after vaccination; serological influenza (fourfold increase of antibody titer between 3 weeks and 5 months after vaccination). Results. —The incidence of serological influenza was 4% in the vaccine group and 9% in the placebo group (relative risk [RR], 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35 to 0.61). The incidences of clinical influenza were 2% and 3%, respectively (RR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.73). The effect was strongest for the combination of serological and clinical influenza (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.74). The effect was less pronounced for self-reported influenza. Conclusion. —In the elderly, influenza vaccination may halve the incidence of serological and clinical influenza (in periods of antigenic drift). (JAMA. 1994;272:1661-1665)read more
Citations
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Journal Article
Serial influenza-vaccination reveals impaired maintenance of specific T-cell memory in patients with end-stage renal failure
Urban Sester,Tina Schmidt,Martin K. Kuhlmann,Barbara Gärtner,Heike Uhlmann-Schiffler,Martina Sester +5 more
TL;DR: The less pronounced T-cell increase after re-vaccination in controls may indicate maintenance of sufficient immunological memory, and the more rapid loss of proliferating cells in haemodialysis-patients may represent a sign of relative immunodeficiency and contribute to an increased incidence of recurrent infectious complications.
Book ChapterDOI
Vaccine-Preventable Disease
Jay Halbert,Phyllis E. Kozarsky,Jane Chiodini,Nicholas Zwar,Gary W. Brunette,Jane N. Zuckerman +5 more
TL;DR: This chapter seeks to address the different aspects of the immunological process, the correct storage and subsequent administration of, the schedules, contraindications and adverse events associated with vaccines, and as well as information as to where to access additional and current guidance can be accessed.
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The Effect of Influenza Vaccination for the Elderly on Hospitalization and Mortality: An Observational Study With a Regression Discontinuity Design.
TL;DR: Current vaccination strategies prioritizing elderly persons may be less effective than believed at reducing serious morbidity and mortality in this population, which suggests that supplementary strategies may be necessary.
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Evidence for prevention and screening: recommendations in adults.
TL;DR: A growing body of evidence supports preventive interventions in asymptomatic adults and Physicians should be aware of a possible hidden agenda in patients presenting for a checkup.
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Evaluating the impact of influenza vaccination. A North American perspective.
TL;DR: The North American experience regarding the clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and epidemiology of influenza vaccination may provide European scientists and health officials with useful although sometimes limited insight into their own efforts to understand and improve influenza vaccination.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the main issues in epidemiology research and propose a method for controlling extraneous factors in the context of epidemiological studies, using Logistic Regression with Interaction, Effect Modification, and synergy.
Book
Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the main issues in epidemiology research and propose a method for controlling extraneous factors in the context of epidemiological studies, using Logistic Regression with Interaction, Effect Modification, and synergy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of Influenza Vaccine in Nursing Homes: Reduction in Illness and Complications During an Influenza A (H3N2) Epidemic
Peter A. Patriarca,Judith A. Weber,Robert A. Parker,William N. Hall,Alan P. Kendal,Dennis J. Bregman,Lawrence B. Schonberger +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that influenza vaccine can reduce the incidence and severity of influenza virus infections among the elderly and chronically ill and underscore the importance of vaccination programs for those in nursing homes and in the general community.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of epidemic type a influenza in a defined adult population
TL;DR: The authors study the occurrence of excess morbidity and mortality among subsets of the adult population of a large prepaid group practice during two epidemics of type A influenza to provide a basis for increasing the precision of clinical and public decision-making regarding the prevention of serious consequences of epidemic influenza.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of inactivated influenza-A vaccine after three outbreaks of influenza A at Christ's Hospital.
TL;DR: It is suggested that annual revaccination with inactivated influenza-A vaccine confers no long-term advantage.