Journal ArticleDOI
The electrostatic properties of membranes.
Stuart McLaughlin
- Vol. 18, Iss: 1, pp 113-136
TLDR
Disruption of Surface Potential on Salt Concentration and Surface Charge Density, and Dependence of the Potential on Distance from the Membrane Surface.Abstract:
CONTENTS PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVlEW . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 113 AN ELEMENTARY DISCUSSION OF ELECTROSTATICS AND DOUBLE-LAYER THEORy 115 EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF THE GOUY-CHAPMAN THEORy 1 19 Dependence of Surface Potential on Salt Concentration and Surface Charge Density 1 19 Dependence of the Potential on Distancefrom the Membrane Surface.... . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . 122 EXPERIMENTALLY OBSERVED LIMITATIONS OF THE THEORy 123 Discreteness-aI-Charge Eff ects ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ......... . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . '123 Finite Size of Ions. . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . 125 Fixed Charges Displacedfrom the Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 126 Forces Between Char.qed Bilayer Membranes . . . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . 126 ALTERNATIVE THEORIES .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . .... . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . ...... . . . . . . . .. . . . . ... .. . . 127 Donnan Theory.. . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ..... . . . . 127 Manning Condensation Theory and Geometrical Considerations . . . 127 Modern Statistical Mechanical Theories..... .. . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . 128 BIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS 129 Previous Work.. . . ... . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . 129 Future Directions: Surface Potentials and Second Messengers.. .. . .. . . ...... . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . 129read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanism of DNA release from cationic liposome/DNA complexes used in cell transfection.
Yuhong Xu,Francis C. Szoka +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that after the cationic lipid/DNA complex is internalized into cells by endocytosis it destabilization induces flip-flop of anionic lipids from the cytoplasmic-facing monolayer, which laterally diffuse into the complex and form a charge neutral ion pair with the cationsic lipids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sterically stabilized liposomes
Martin C. Woodle,Danilo D. Lasic +1 more
TL;DR: The structure-function relationship of PEG-derivatized phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) has been examined by measurement of blood lifetime and tissue distribution in both mice and rats and Steric stabilization has been proposed as a theoretical basis for the results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasma membrane phosphoinositide organization by protein electrostatics
Stuart McLaughlin,Diana Murray +1 more
TL;DR: Recent studies suggest that membrane proteins concentrate PIP2 and, in response to local increases in intracellular calcium concentration, release it to interact with other biologically important molecules.
Journal ArticleDOI
PIP2 and Proteins: Interactions, Organization, and Information Flow
TL;DR: The hypothesis that proteins such as MARCKS bind a significant fraction of the PIP2 in a cell, helping to sequester it in lateral membrane domains, then release this lipid in response to local signals such as an increased concentration of Ca(++)/calmodulin or activation of protein kinase C is considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
The myristoyl-electrostatic switch: a modulator of reversible protein-membrane interactions
Stuart McLaughlin,Alan Aderem +1 more
TL;DR: For MARCKS, and perhaps other proteins, phosphorylation of serines within its basic cluster reduces the electrostatic attraction, producing translocation of the protein from the membrane to the cytosol by a simple 'electrostatic switch' mechanism.
References
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Book
Intermolecular and surface forces
TL;DR: The forces between atoms and molecules are discussed in detail in this article, including the van der Waals forces between surfaces, and the forces between particles and surfaces, as well as their interactions with other forces.