Proceedings ArticleDOI
The Göttingen Scanning X-Ray Microscope
B. Niemann
- Vol. 0733, pp 422-427
TLDR
In this article, the capabilities of an imaging x-ray microscope using zone plate optics as focussing elements were demonstrated gradually, and the authors built a scanning X-ray microscopy using zone plates.Abstract:
During the past years the capabilities of an imaging x-ray microscope using zone plate optics as focussing elements were demonstrated gradually [22.1,2]. In addition to this microscope we built a scanning x-ray microscope using zone plates. It has been developed because the radiation dose exposed to an object in such a system is reduced significantly. For biological applications in the resolution range below δ ≲ 0.1 pm this is important, as the dose transferred to an object increases drastically with increasing resolution [22.3].read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Soft X-ray microscopes and their biological applications
TL;DR: The answer depends on a combination of resolution, penetrating power, analytical sensitivity, compatibility with wet specimens, and the ease of image interpretation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phase contrast studies of biological specimens with the x‐ray microscope at BESSY (invited)
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the BESSY storage ring for phase contrast studies with the possibility of quick change between imaging in amplitude and phase contrast mode with the advantage of considerable higher image contrast and reduced radiation dosage compared to amplitude contrast.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scanning x‐ray microscope with 75‐nm resolution
Harvey Rarback,D. Shu,S. C. Feng,Harald Ade,Janos Kirz,Ian McNulty,Dieter P. Kern,T. H. P. Chang,Y. Vladimirsky,N. Iskander,David Attwood,Kenneth R. McQuaid,Stephen S. Rothman +12 more
TL;DR: A scanning soft x-ray microscope has been built and operated at the National Synchrotron Light Source as discussed by the authors, which makes use of a mini-undulator as a bright source of 3.2-nm photons.
Book ChapterDOI
Zone Plates for X-Ray Microscopy
TL;DR: In this article, a zone plate is defined as a circular gratings with radially increasing line density and its focal length is given by fm = r1 2 λ−1 m−1.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
X-ray microscopy with synchrotron radiation
B. Niemann,D. Rudolph,G. Schmahl +2 more
TL;DR: A microscope for soft χ radiation using zone plates as imaging optical elements is built using synchrotron radiation at DESY and the wavelength region between 1-10 nm is suitable for x-ray microscopy.
Book ChapterDOI
Zone Plates for X-Ray Microscopy
TL;DR: In this article, a zone plate is defined as a circular gratings with radially increasing line density and its focal length is given by fm = r1 2 λ−1 m−1.
Book ChapterDOI
The Göttingen X-Ray Microscope and X-Ray Microscopy Experiments at the BESSY Storage Ring
TL;DR: In this paper, an x-ray microscope was equipped with a grazing incidence grating monochromator, a condenser zone plate, and a micro-zone-plate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mapping the distribution of particular atomic species
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare absorption and fluorescence and determine which of these x-ray-based techniques is better suited to a given problem, in the absence of a standard experimental arrangement for either technique, they resort to what they believe may be reasonable, representative parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detective Quantum Efficiency of Some Film Materials in the Soft X-Ray Region
TL;DR: For x-rays, the expression on the left side is the number of incoming photons, and the signal to noise ratio of a film could be determined, for example, by counting the numberOf grains of many similar exposures, as this is difficult to do, a standard photometric method can be used.