Journal ArticleDOI
The incidence of hypertension in insulin-dependent diabetes
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Control of hyperglycemia and prevention of gross proteinuria may lead to a reduction in the long-term incidence of hypertension in people with diabetes.Abstract:
Background: There are few epidemiologic data describing the long-term incidence of hypertension in people with diabetes. Methods: In a population-based study performed in southern Wisconsin, 765 individuals diagnosed as having diabetes when they were younger than 30 years and taking insulin participated in baseline, 4-year, and 10-year examinations. Blood pressure was measured by standardized protocols, and hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure of 160 mm Hg or more (≥140 mm Hg in those younger than 25 years) and/or mean diastolic blood pressure of 95 mm Hg or more (≥90 mm Hg in those younger than 25 years) and/or history of hypertension with the use of antihypertensive medication. Results: The prevalence of hypertension at baseline was 17.3%. The 10-year incidence of hypertension was 25.9%. The incidence of hypertension was greater with older age, longer duration of diabetes, higher glycosylated hemoglobin level, proteinuria, more severe retinopathy, and male gender. After other risk factors were controlled for, the 10-year incidence of hypertension was significantly related to higher glycosylated hemoglobin level (odds ratio, 1.23 per percentage increase; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.34), presence of gross proteinuria (odds ratio, 3.64; 95% confidence interval, 2.26 to 5.85), longer duration of diabetes (odds ratio, 1.03 per year of diabetes; 95% confidence interval, 1.01 to 1.04), and being male (odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 2.77). Conclusion: These data suggest that control of hyperglycemia and prevention of gross proteinuria may lead to a reduction in the long-term incidence of hypertension. (Arch Intern Med. 1996;156:622-627)read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Systemic considerations in the management of diabetic retinopathy.
TL;DR: The systemic factors which affect onset and/or progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are highlighted and the role and responsibilities of ophthalmologists and other eye care providers are emphasized to ensure that appropriate systemic medical evaluation of the patient with diabetes is being pursued.
Journal ArticleDOI
The rising burden of diabetes and hypertension in southeast asian and african regions: need for effective strategies for prevention and control in primary health care settings.
TL;DR: To meet the twin challenge of DM and HTN in developing countries, PHCs will have to be strengthened with a concerted and multipronged effort to provide promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services.
Journal ArticleDOI
Primary Aldosteronism in Diabetic Subjects with Resistant Hypertension
Guillermo E. Umpierrez,Paul Cantey,Dawn Smiley,Andres Palacio,Diana Temponi,Karen Luster,Arlene B. Chapman +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in patients with type 2 diabetes and resistant hypertension was determined by measuring the plasma aldosterone (PAC)-to-plasma renin activity (PRA) ratio.
Journal ArticleDOI
Primary Aldosteronism in Diabetic Subjects With Resistant Hypertension: Response to Ng et al.
TL;DR: The results indicate that diabetic subjects with poorly controlled hypertension who are taking > or = 3 antihypertensive drugs should be screened for primary aldosteronism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antidiabetic prescriptions and glycemic control in German patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective database study.
TL;DR: Analysis of patterns of antidiabetic treatment among individuals with type 2 diabetes in Germany and investigated potential differences in attainment of glycemic control associated with the use of specific antidi diabetic regimens found patients who were prescribed insulin monotherapy or combination therapy were least likely to achieve the HbA(1c) target.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Edward L. Kaplan,Paul Meier +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the product-limit (PL) estimator was proposed to estimate the proportion of items in the population whose lifetimes would exceed t (in the absence of such losses), without making any assumption about the form of the function P(t).
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TL;DR: Hosmer and Lemeshow as discussed by the authors provide an accessible introduction to the logistic regression model while incorporating advances of the last decade, including a variety of software packages for the analysis of data sets.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Control,David M. Nathan,Saul M. Genuth,John M. Lachin,Patricia A. Cleary,O Crofford,Matthew M. Davis,Larry Rand,Carolyn Siebert +8 more
TL;DR: Intensive therapy effectively delays the onset and slows the progression of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in patients with IDDM.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chi-Square Tests with One Degree of Freedom; Extensions of the Mantel-Haenszel Procedure
TL;DR: In this article, a method for analyzing multiple 2×2 contingency tables arising in retrospective studies of disease is extended in application and form, which includes comparisons of age-adjusted death rates, life-table analyses, comparisons of two sets of quantal dosage response data, and miscellaneous laboratory applications as appropriate.
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