The mental health risks of economic crisis in Spain: evidence from primary care centres, 2006 and 2010.
Margalida Gili,Miquel Roca,Sanjay Basu,Sanjay Basu,Sanjay Basu,Martin McKee,David Stuckler,David Stuckler +7 more
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Recession has significantly increased the frequency of mental health disorders and alcohol abuse among primary care attendees in Spain, particularly among families experiencing unemployment and mortgage payment difficulties.Abstract:
Background: Nearly all European countries have been affected by the economic crisis that began in 2007, but the consequences have been among the worst in Spain. We investigated the associations of the recession on the frequency of mood, anxiety, somatoform, alcohol-related and eating disorders among those visiting Spanish primary care settings. Methods: Primary care physicians selected randomized samples of patients attending primary care centres representing Spain's consulting populations. A total of 7940 patients in 2006–07 and 5876 in 2010–11 were administered the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) instrument to diagnose mental disorders. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to quantify overall changes in the frequency of mental disorders, adjusting for potential socio-demographic differences in consulting populations unrelated to economic factors. Results: Compared with the pre-crisis period of 2006, the 2010 survey revealed substantial and significant increases in the proportion of patients with mood (19.4% in major depression), anxiety (8.4% in generalized anxiety disorder), somatoform (7.3%) and alcohol-related disorders (4.6% in alcohol dependence), all significant at P < 0.001, but not in eating disorders (0.15%, P = 0.172). Independent of observed risks of unemployment [odds ratio (OR) = 1.72, P < 0.001], we observed a significantly elevated risk of major depression associated with mortgage repayment difficulties (OR = 2.12, P < 0.001) and evictions (OR = 2.95, P < 0.001). About one-third of the overall risk in the consulting population's attendance with mental health disorders could be attributed to the combined risks of household unemployment and mortgage payment difficulties. Conclusion: Recession has significantly increased the frequency of mental health disorders and alcohol abuse among primary care attendees in Spain, particularly among families experiencing unemployment and mortgage payment difficulties.read more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Utility of a New Procedure for Diagnosing Mental Disorders in Primary Care: The PRIME-MD 1000 Study
Robert L. Spitzer,Janet B. W. Williams,Kurt Kroenke,Mark Linzer,Frank V. deGruy,Steven R. Hahn,David S. Brody,Jeffrey G. Johnson +7 more
TL;DR: Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders appears to be a useful tool for identifying mental disorders in primary care practice and research.
ReportDOI
Are Recessions Good For Your Health
TL;DR: The authors investigated the relationship between economic conditions and health and found that smoking and obesity increase when the economy strengthens, whereas physical activity is reduced and diet becomes less healthy, and there is some evidence that the unfavorable health effects of temporary upturns are partially or fully offset if the economic growth is longlasting.
Journal ArticleDOI
The public health effect of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe: an empirical analysis
David Stuckler,David Stuckler,Sanjay Basu,Sanjay Basu,Marc Suhrcke,Adam Coutts,Michael McKee,Michael McKee +7 more
TL;DR: Rises in unemployment are associated with significant short-term increases in premature deaths from intentional violence, while reducing traffic fatalities, and active labour market programmes that keep and reintegrate workers in jobs could mitigate some adverse health effects of economic downturns.