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The old physical anthropology

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TLDR
In the eighteenth century, workers in general biology, medicine, and physical anthropology knew little about human physiology, so they heavily stressed mystical, essentialist classifications of organisms, constitutional types, and diseases.
Abstract
In the eighteenth century, workers in general biology, medicine, and physical anthropology knew little about human physiology. As a result, they heavily stressed mystical, essentialist classifications of organisms, constitutional types, and diseases. Comparative morphology and diagnostic systems prevailed. At different times and for somewhat different reasons, these older paradigms were abandoned and newer ones adopted. Late in this scientific revolution, in the midtwentieth century, the new physical anthropology was born.

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Perilous Ideas: Race, Culture, People [and Comments and Reply]

TL;DR: This article pointed out that ethnicities come in many varieties and to call a social entity an "ethnic" group is merely the beginning of the inquiry, and pointed out the importance of Boas's critique of typological thinking about races as we confront the intensifying racisms of our time.
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Advances in somatotype methodology and analysis

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Artificial cranial deformation in South America: a geometric morphometrics approximation

TL;DR: The results of this work show that there are no large differences in variation among states, chiefdoms and bands of hunter-gatherers.
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Developmental Systems and Inequality: Linking Evolutionary and Political-Economic Theory in Biological Anthropology

TL;DR: The authors argue for greater investment in this field of inquiry and advocate linking evolutionary-developmental and political-economic approaches to the study of human biology, and examine the importance of inequality in structuring access to the means of cultural production and the creation of self-reinforcing norms.

Seeking after Empire: Bioarchaeologists and American Indians in the New Millennium

TL;DR: In this article, the evolving relationship between bioarchaeologists and American Indians is examined in the context of understanding these implemented changes to both the discipline of biological anthropology and the culture of modern American Indians, vis a vis the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians.
References
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Book

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

TL;DR: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions as discussed by the authors is a seminal work in the history of science and philosophy of science, and it has been widely cited as a major source of inspiration for the present generation of scientists.
Book

Biological Foundations of Language

TL;DR: The coming of language occurs at about the same age in every healthy child throughout the world as mentioned in this paper, strongly supporting the concept that genetically determined processes of maturation, rather than env...
Book

The Birth of the Clinic

TL;DR: This book discusses spaces and classes, a political Consciousness, the free field, and the Old Age of the Clinic, which explored the role of hospitals in the development of a political consciousness.
Trending Questions (1)
What are the different types of physical anthropology?

The paper discusses the transformation of paradigms in physical anthropology, but does not specifically mention the different types of physical anthropology.