The spectrum of compatible solutes in heterotrophic halophilic eubacteria of the family Halomonadaceae
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For the first time it could be shown for halophilic eubacteria that the intracellular concentration of solutes is sufficient to balance the osmotic pressure of the medium, and there is no need to postulate a hypo-osmotic cytoplasm.Abstract:
Summary: A new family, the Halomonadaceae, has recently been proposed for members of the genera Deleya and Halomonas. The three strains investigated, Deleya halophila, Halomonas elongata and Flavobacterium halmephilum (reclassified as H. halmophila), are aerobic heterotrophic micro-organisms exhibiting an extreme salt tolerance. The major organic osmoregulatory solutes of these organisms were examined using 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The relative proportions of the solutes varied with respect to salt concentration, temperature and carbon source. The recently described amino acid ectoine was found to be a dominant solute. For the first time it could be shown for halophilic eubacteria that the intracellular concentration of solutes is sufficient to balance the osmotic pressure of the medium. Thus, there is no need to postulate a hypo-osmotic cytoplasm.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biology of moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria
TL;DR: The moderately halophilic heterotrophic aerobic bacteria form a diverse group of microorganisms and approaches to the study of genetic processes have recently been developed, opening the way toward an understanding of haloadaptation at the molecular level.
Book ChapterDOI
Osmoadaptation in Bacteria
TL;DR: The salt-in-cytoplasm type of osmoadaptation is apparently not confined to archaebacterial representatives, although NaCl rather than KCl seems to be the dominant cy toplasmic solute in these eubacteria.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial behaviour in salt‐stressed ecosystems
Erwin A. Galinski,Hans G. Trüper +1 more
TL;DR: In the natural ecosystem the solutes of primary producers (mainly glycine betaine), which are readily excreted upon dilution stress, certainly play an important role as a ‘preferred’ solute source for heterolrophic organisms, and as a 'vital’ source for organisms unable to synthesize their own compatible solutes.
Book ChapterDOI
An overview of the role and diversity of compatible solutes in Bacteria and Archaea
TL;DR: The mechanisms by which compatible solutes protect enzymes, cell components and cells are still a long way from being thoroughly elucidated, but there is a growing interest in the utilization of these solutes to protect macromolecules and cells from heating, freezing and desiccation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzyme stabilization be ectoine-type compatible solutes: protection against heating, freezing and drying
Karin Lippert,Erwin A. Galinski +1 more
TL;DR: The most prominent protectants were trehalose, ectoine and hydroxyectoine, which are very often found in nature as part of the compatible solute “cocktail” of moderately halophilic eubacteria.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Living with water stress: evolution of osmolyte systems
TL;DR: Osmolyte compatibility is proposed to result from the absence of osmolytes interactions with substrates and cofactors, and the nonperturbing or favorable effects of oSMolytes on macromolecular-solvent interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physiological and genetic responses of bacteria to osmotic stress.
TL;DR: This review is an account of the processes that mediate adaptation of bacteria to changes in their osmotic environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial water stress.
TL;DR: It is argued that, notwithstanding the indispensability of water in living systems and the unique properties of solvent water, quantitative variations in the amount of water available are of less direct microbiological significance than is generally conceded.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Biology of Osmoregulation
TL;DR: The molecular biology of a new class of genes, called osm (osmotic tolerance) genes, that protect bacteria like Escherichia coli against osmotic stress and may work in a similar manner in plants and animals are concerned.
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