Journal ArticleDOI
The Wages of Failure: New Evidence on School Retention and Long-Run Outcomes
Philip Babcock,Kelly Bedard +1 more
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The authors found that a 1 standard deviation increase in early grade retention is associated with a 07 percent increase in mean male hourly wages and that the observed positive wage effect is not limited to the lower tail of the wage distribution but appears to persist throughout the distribution.Abstract:
By estimating differences in long-run education and labor market outcomes for cohorts of students exposed to differing state-level primary school retention rates, this article estimates the effects of retention on all students in a cohort, retained and promoted We find that a 1 standard deviation increase in early grade retention is associated with a 07 percent increase in mean male hourly wages Further, the observed positive wage effect is not limited to the lower tail of the wage distribution but appears to persist throughout the distribution Though there is an extensive literature attempting to estimate the effect of retention on the retained, this analysis offers what may be the first estimates of average long-run impacts of retention on all studentsread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Short-Run Effects of Parental Job Loss on Children's Academic Achievement.
TL;DR: This article found that a parental job loss increases the probability of children's grade retention by 0.8 percentage points, or around 15% after conditioning on child fixed effects, and there was no evidence of significantly increased grade retention prior to the job loss, suggesting a causal link running from the parental employment shock to children's academic difficulties.
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Short-run Effects of Parental Job Loss on Children's Academic Achievement
TL;DR: This article found that a parental job loss increases the probability of children's grade retention by 0.8 percentage points, or around 15 percent, suggesting a causal link between the parental employment shock and children's academic difficulties.
Journal ArticleDOI
Falling Behind? Children's Early Grade Retention after Paternal Incarceration.
Kristin Turney,Anna R. Haskins +1 more
TL;DR: A growing literature documents the myriad penalties for children of incarcerated fathers, but relatively little is known about how paternal incarceration contributes to educational outcomes in earl... as mentioned in this paper,...
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effects of Test-based Retention on Student Outcomes over Time: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from Florida
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors exploit a discontinuity in retention probabilities under Florida's test-based promotion policy to study its effects on student outcomes through high school and find large positive effects on achievement that fade out entirely when retained students are compared to their same-age peers, but remain substantial through grade 10 when compared to students in the same grade.
Journal ArticleDOI
First- Through Eighth-Grade Retention Rates for All 50 States: A New Method and Initial Results
John Robert Warren,Jim Saliba +1 more
TL;DR: This work presents a conceptually simple method—based on publicly available data that are routinely collected each year—that describes retention rates at the state and national levels and uses it to report first- through eighth-grade public school retention rates for 2002–2003 through 2008–2009 for the entire country and for each state.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Social distance and social decisions
TL;DR: In this paper, a model of social distance is presented that is useful for understanding social decisions, where agents who are initially close interact strongly while those who are socially distant have little interaction.
Does external accountability affect student outcomes? A cross-state analysis
Martin Carnoy,Susanna Loeb +1 more
TL;DR: The authors developed a zero-to-five index of the strength of accountability in 50 states based on the use of high-stakes testing to sanction and reward schools, and analyzed whether that index is related to student gains on the NAEP mathematics test in 1996-2000.
Journal ArticleDOI
Does External Accountability Affect Student Outcomes? A Cross-State Analysis
Martin Carnoy,Susanna Loeb +1 more
TL;DR: This paper developed a zero-to-five index of the strength of accountability in 50 states based on the use of high-stakes testing to sanction and reward schools, and analyzed whether that index is related to student gains on the NAEP mathematics test in 1996-2000.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-Analysis of Grade Retention Research: Implications for Practice in the 21st Century.
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the research examining the aca- demic and socio-emotional outcomes associated with grade retention is provided in this paper, along with a summary of studies published between 1990 and 1999.
Journal ArticleDOI
Accountability, incentives and behavior: the impact of high-stakes testing in the Chicago Public Schools
TL;DR: The authors examined the impact of an accountability policy implemented in the Chicago Public Schools in 1996-1997, using a panel of student-level, administrative data, and found that math and reading achievement increased sharply following the introduction of the accountability policy, in comparison to both prior achievement trends in the district and to changes experienced by other large, urban districts.
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