Journal ArticleDOI
Transitioning to energy efficient vehicles: An analysis of the potential rebound effects and subsequent impact upon emissions
TLDR
In this article, the effect of a congestion-pricing exemption for EVs on vehicle usage was investigated by analyzing annual kilometers traveled (AKT) of private vehicle owners in Stockholm in 2008.Abstract:
Given the shift toward energy efficient vehicles (EEVs) in recent years, it is important that the effects of this transition are properly examined. This paper investigates some of these effects by analyzing annual kilometers traveled (AKT) of private vehicle owners in Stockholm in 2008. The difference in emissions associated with EEV adoption is estimated, along with the effect of a congestion-pricing exemption for EEVs on vehicle usage. Propensity score matching is used to compare AKT rates of different vehicle owner groups based on the treatments of: EEV ownership and commuting across the cordon, controlling for confounding factors such as demographics. Through this procedure, rebound effects are identified, with some EEV owners found to have driven up to 12.2% further than non-EEV owners. Although some of these differences could be attributed to the congestion-pricing exemption, the results were not statistically significant. Overall, taking into account lifecycle emissions of each fuel type, average EEV emissions were 50.5% less than average non-EEV emissions, with this reduction in emissions offset by 2.0% due to rebound effects. Although it is important for policy-makers to consider the potential for unexpected negative effects in similar transitions, the overall benefit of greatly reduced emissions appears to outweigh any rebound effects present in this case study.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of policy incentives on electric vehicle adoption
TL;DR: In order to increase the attractiveness of electric vehicles (EVs), packages of policy incentives are provided in many countries as discussed by the authors, however, it is still unclear how effective different policy incenti...
Journal ArticleDOI
Differences in regional emissions in China's transport sector: Determinants and reduction strategies
Bin Xu,Boqiang Lin +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the key driving forces of carbon dioxide emissions in the transport sector at the regional level in China and found that private vehicles are more important than cargo turnover in emission reduction because of its relatively inefficient and excessive growth.
How Households Use Different Types of Vehicles: A Structural Driver Allocation and Usage Model
TL;DR: In this article, a structural equations model is developed in which principal driver characteristics, as well as vehicle miles of travel, are endogenous, and each vehicle usage can then be expressed in reduced-form equations as a function of exogenous household and vehicle type variables for forecasting purposes.
Journal ArticleDOI
How to ride transport disruption –a sustainable framework for future urban mobility*
Michael Kane,Jake Whitehead +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the impact of ICT disruptions on existing urban transport systems and present the potential for disruptive technologies, as fundamental as recent ICT disruption, threaten major chang...
Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous estimation of battery electric vehicle adoption with endogenous willingness to pay
TL;DR: In this paper, a binary probit model of BEV adoption is simultaneously estimated with a log-linear regression of willingness to pay (WTP) using the 2016 California Vehicle Survey, which can be inferred that consumers' familiarity with the benefits and costs of BEVs may lead to its higher adoption rates.
References
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The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
TL;DR: The authors discusses the central role of propensity scores and balancing scores in the analysis of observational studies and shows that adjustment for the scalar propensity score is sufficient to remove bias due to all observed covariates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change
Tim Searchinger,Ralph E. Heimlich,Richard A. Houghton,Fengxia Dong,Amani Elobeid,Jacinto F. Fabiosa,Simla Tokgoz,Dermot J. Hayes,Tun-Hsiang Yu +8 more
TL;DR: This article found that corn-based ethanol, instead of producing a 20% savings, nearly doubled greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increased greenhouse gases for 167 years, by using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land-use change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of average treatment effects based on propensity scores
Sascha O. Becker,Andrea Ichino +1 more
TL;DR: The authors give a short overview of some propensity score matching estimators suggested in the evaluation literature, and provide a set of Stata programs, which they illustrate using the Naïve Bayes algorithm.
Posted Content
PSMATCH2: Stata module to perform full Mahalanobis and propensity score matching, common support graphing, and covariate imbalance testing
Edwin Leuven,Barbara Sianesi +1 more
TL;DR: psmatch2 as discussed by the authors implements full Mahalanobis and propensity score matching, common support graphing, and covariate imbalance testing. This routine supersedes the previous 'psmatch' routine of B. Sianesi.
Journal ArticleDOI
Energy efficiency and consumption — the rebound effect — a survey
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of some of the relevant literature from the US offers definitions and identifies sources including direct, secondary, and economy-wide sources and concludes that the range of estimates for the size of the rebound effect is very low to moderate.