Tricaine methane-sulfonate (MS-222) application in fish anaesthesia
N. Topic Popovic,Ivančica Strunjak-Perović,R. Coz-Rakovac,Josip Barišić,Margita Jadan,A. Persin Berakovic,R. Sauerborn Klobučar +6 more
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TLDR
Tricaine methane-sulfonate (MS-222) is one of the most widely used anaesthetics for poikilotherms worldwide and its anaesthetic efficacy and dosage in fish and legislation for its use are outlined.Abstract:
Summary
Tricaine methane-sulfonate (MS-222) is one of the most widely used anaesthetics for poikilotherms worldwide. This paper outlines its anaesthetic efficacy and dosage in fish and legislation for its use, fish stress responses to MS-222 anaesthesia and its effect on fish physiology and blood properties, pharmacokinetics, genotoxicity, immune response, potential interference with fish hepatic cytochrome P450 spectra, and its impact on nerve sensitivity. Key questions arising from the available data are analysed, such as regulatory constraints on its use, the need for the standardization of buffering protocols, and interdependencies of the factors impacting the specific applicative efficacy of MS-222. Current research has provided an abundance of data on MS-222 use in fish, although the applications within these studies are often impractical at the farming level. Specific emphasis is therefore placed on highlighting application strategies on a practical basis, presenting potential future research on topics that require in-depth analysis (preparation and storage of anaesthetic solutions, pre-anaesthetic sedation and stress reduction, cortisol response in aquarium fish, toxicity of MS-222 metabolites, and possible immunodepressive properties). Additionally, both from a scientific and practical perspective, it is necessary to have a better understanding of safety margins, induction, immersion and recovery times for many (marine and freshwater, farmed and ornamental) fish species in order to achieve optimal utilization.read more
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Tricaine methane-sulfonate (MS-222) application in fish anaesthesia
N. Topic Popovic,Ivančica Strunjak-Perović,R. Coz-Rakovac,Josip Barišić,Margita Jadan,A. Persin Berakovic,R. Sauerborn Klobučar +6 more
TL;DR: Tricaine methane-sulfonate (MS-222) is one of the most widely used anaesthetics for poikilotherms worldwide and its anaesthetic efficacy and dosage in fish and legislation for its use are outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Do Fish Perceive Anaesthetics as Aversive
TL;DR: Results suggest that several commonly used anaesthetics used for fish anaesthetic agents were aversive, including two of the most commonly recommended and used: MS222 (ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulphate) and benzocaine.
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A Review of Three Commonly Used Fish Anesthetics
Josef Priborsky,Josef Velisek +1 more
TL;DR: This review provides information on optimal dosage and effects on fish physiology of three widely-used anesthetics worldwide: clove oil, tricaine methane sulphate, and 2-phenoxyethanol.
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References
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The Neurobehavioral Nature of Fishes and the Question of Awareness and Pain
TL;DR: Although it is implausible that fishes can experience pain or emotions, they display robust, nonconscious, neuroendocrine, and physiological stress responses to noxious stimuli and avoidance of potentially injurious stress responses is an important issue in considerations about the welfare of fishes.
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The effects of five fish anaesthetics on acid–base balance, hematocrit, blood gases, cortisol, and adrenaline in rainbow trout
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Journal Article
Evaluation of rapid cooling and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222) as methods of euthanasia in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
TL;DR: The mean time for euthanasia was longer and the number of fish exhibiting signs of distress was greater for fish exposed to MS222 than those exposed to chilled water, and this method is advocated as a humane veterinary practice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tricaine methane-sulfonate (MS-222) application in fish anaesthesia
N. Topic Popovic,Ivančica Strunjak-Perović,R. Coz-Rakovac,Josip Barišić,Margita Jadan,A. Persin Berakovic,R. Sauerborn Klobučar +6 more
TL;DR: Tricaine methane-sulfonate (MS-222) is one of the most widely used anaesthetics for poikilotherms worldwide and its anaesthetic efficacy and dosage in fish and legislation for its use are outlined.
Drugs in salmonid aquaculture: a review
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