Journal ArticleDOI
Type B Hepatitis after Needle-Stick Exposure: Prevention with Hepatitis B Immune Globulin: Final Report of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study
Leonard B. Seeff,E C Wright,H. J. Zimmerman,H. J. Alter,A. A. Dietz,B. F. Felsher,J. D. Finkelstein,P Garcia-Pont,John L. Gerin,H. B. Greenlee,J Hamilton,P.V. Holland,P M Kaplan,T Kiernan,Raymond S. Koff,Carroll M. Leevy,Vincent J. McAuliffe,N Nath,Robert H. Purcell,Eugene R. Schiff,C. C. Schwartz,Carlo H. Tamburro,Z Vlahcevic,R. Zemel,D. S. Zimmon +24 more
TLDR
Hepatitis B immune globulin remained significantly superior to ISG in preventing type B hepatitis even when the analysis was confined to these two high-risk subgroups.Abstract:
Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and immune serum globulin (ISG) were examined in a randomized, double-blind trial to assess their relative efficacies in preventing type B hepatitis after needle-stick exposure to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAG)-positive donors. Clinical hepatitis developed in 1.4% of HBIG and in 5.9% of ISG recipients (P = 0.016), and seroconversion (anti-HBs) occurred in 5.6% and 20.7% of them respectively (P less than 0.001). Mild and transient side-effects were noted in 3.0% of ISG and in 3.2% of HBIG recipients. Available donor sera were examined for DNA polymerase (DNAP) and e antigen and antibody (HBeAg; anti-HBE). Both DNAP and HBeAg showed a highly statistically significant correlation with the infectivity of HBsAg-positive donors. Hepatitis B immune globulin remained significantly superior to ISG in preventing type B hepatitis even when the analysis was confined to these two high-risk subgroups. The efficacy of ISG in preventing type B hepatitis cannot be ascertained because a true placebo group was not included.read more
Citations
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A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Part II: immunization of adults.
Eric E. Mast,Cindy M. Weinbaum,Anthony E. Fiore,Miriam J. Alter,Beth P. Bell,Lyn Finelli,Lance Rodewald,John M. Douglas,Robert S. Janssen,John W. Ward +9 more
TL;DR: This report, the second of a two-part statement from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), provides updated recommendations to increase hepatitis B vaccination of adults at risk for HBV infection.
Journal Article
A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) part 1: immunization of infants, children, and adolescents
Eric E. Mast,Harold S. Margolis,Anthony E. Fiore,Edward W Brink,Susan T. Goldstein,Susan A Wang,Linda A. Moyer,Beth P. Bell,Miriam J. Alter +8 more
TL;DR: This report provides updated recommendations to improve prevention of perinatal and early childhood HBV transmission, including implementation of universal infant vaccination beginning at birth, and to increase vaccine coverage among previously unvaccinated children and adolescents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to contaminated sharps injuries among health‐care workers
TL;DR: Occupational exposures to percutaneous injuries are substantial source of infections with bloodborne pathogens among health-care workers (HCWs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Hepatitis B vaccines.
TL;DR: Yeast-derived hepatitis B vaccines, containing the small HBV envelope protein SHBAg, are immunogenic, safe and cost-effective in prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in neonates, children and adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
Seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen to antibody in chronic type B hepatitis.
TL;DR: It is suggested that many patients with chronic type B hepatitis eventually have a spontaneous remission in clinical and biochemical evidence of active disease, usually heralded or accompanied by the disappearance of HBeAg and DNA polymerase.
References
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DNA polymerase associated with human hepatitis B antigen.
P M Kaplan,P M Kaplan,P M Kaplan,Richard L. Greenman,Richard L. Greenman,Richard L. Greenman,John L. Gerin,John L. Gerin,John L. Gerin,Robert H. Purcell,Robert H. Purcell,Robert H. Purcell,William S. Robinson,William S. Robinson,William S. Robinson +14 more
TL;DR: DNA polymerase activity was detected in each of eight preparations of concentrated human hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) rich in Dane particles prepared by high-speed centrifugation of antigen-positive human plasma and in none of seven control preparations prepared in the same way from HBAg-negative plasma.
Journal ArticleDOI
E Antigen and Anti-E in the Serum of Asymptomatic Carrier Mothers as Indicators of Positive and Negative Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus to Their Infants
TL;DR: E antigen may be used as an indicator of transmission, and antibody to e as that of absence of transmission of hepatitis B virus from carrier mothers to children, according to results of testing of serum samples of 23 pregnant women.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hemagglutination Assay for Antigen and Antibody Associated with Viral Hepatitis
Girish N. Vyas,N. R. Shulman +1 more
TL;DR: The hemagglutination test has the sensitivity and rapidity of the best tests available, is simpler to perform, and lends itself to large-scale screening of blood donors.
Journal Article
New Specificities in Australia Antigen Positive Sera Distinct from the Le Bouvier Determinants
L O Magnius,J A Espmark +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence for new antigenic specificities in Australia antigen positive sera, for one of which the designation e is proposed, has been obtained in immunodiffusion tests according to Ouchterlony and some evidence is presented for the possible association of this antigen complex to contagiousness.
Journal Article
Prevalence of hepatitis B virus antigen as revealed by direct radioimmune assay with 125 I-antibody.
C. M. Ling,L. R. Overby +1 more
TL;DR: A two-step direct radioimmune test was used to detect hepatitis B virus associated antigen in human serum or plasma and appeared to be more sensitive than other immunologic assays, including indirect radioimmune methods based on competition of unlabeled antigen with 125 I-labeled antigen.