Urinary and hand wipe pesticide levels among farmers and nonfarmers in Iowa
Brian D. Curwin,Misty J. Hein,Wayne T. Sanderson,Dana B. Barr,Dick Heederik,Stephen J. Reynolds,Elizabeth Ward,Michael C. R. Alavanja +7 more
TLDR
In the spring and summer of 2001, as part of a larger study investigating farm family pesticide exposure and home contamination in Iowa, urine and hand wipe samples were collected from 24 male farmers and 23 male nonfarmer controls.Abstract:
In the spring and summer of 2001, as part of a larger study investigating farm family pesticide exposure and home contamination in Iowa, urine and hand wipe samples were collected from 24 male farmers and 23 male nonfarmer controls. On two occasions approximately 1 month apart, one hand wipe sample and an evening and morning urine sample were collected from each participant. The samples were analyzed for the parent compound or metabolites of six commonly used agricultural pesticides: alachlor, atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and chlorpyrifos. For atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor and 2,4-D, farmers who reported applying the pesticide had significantly higher urinary metabolite levels than nonfarmers, farmers who did not apply the pesticide, and farmers who had the pesticide commercially applied (P-value <0.05). Generally, there were no differences in urinary pesticide metabolite levels between nonfarmers, farmers who did not apply the pesticide, and farmers who had the pesticide commercially applied. Among farmers who reported applying 2,4-D themselves, time since application, amount of pesticide applied, and the number of acres to which the pesticide was applied were marginally associated with 2,4-D urine levels. Among farmers who reported applying atrazine themselves, time since application and farm size were marginally associated with atrazine mercapturate urine levels. Farmers who reported using a closed cab to apply these pesticides had higher urinary pesticide metabolite levels, although the difference was not statistically significant. Farmers who reported using closed cabs tended to use more pesticides. The majority of the hand wipe samples were nondetectable. However, detection of atrazine in the hand wipes was significantly associated with urinary levels of atrazine above the median (P-value <0.01).read more
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Review of the toxicology of chlorpyrifos with an emphasis on human exposure and neurodevelopment.
David L. Eaton,Robert B. Daroff,Herman Autrup,James W. Bridges,Patricia A. Buffler,Lucio G. Costa,Joseph T. Coyle,Guy M. McKhann,William C. Mobley,Lynn Nadel,Diether Neubert,Rolf Schulte-Hermann,Peter S. Spencer +12 more
TL;DR: The results of this review demonstrate that the use of urinary 3,5,6-trichlorpyridinol (TCPy), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos as a biomarker of nonoccupational exposure is problematic and may overestimate non Occupational exposures to chlorparyifos by 10-to 20-fold because of the widespread presence of both TCPy and chlorp Pyrifos-methyl in the food supply.
Journal ArticleDOI
European Union Bans Atrazine, While the United States Negotiates Continued Use
Jennifer Sass,Aaron Colangelo +1 more
TL;DR: Regulatory procedures and government documents are reviewed, and efforts by the manufacturer of atrazine, Syngenta, to influence the U.S. atrazin assessment are reported, by submitting flawed scientific data as evidence of no harm and meeting repeatedly and privately with EPA to negotiate the government's regulatory approach.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential impact of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on human and ecosystems.
Faisal Islam,Jian Wang,Muhammad Farooq,Muhammad Saifuddin Khan,Ling Xu,Jinwen Zhu,Min Zhao,Stéphane Muños,Qing X. Li,Weijun Zhou +9 more
TL;DR: The findings demonstrate that 2,4-D is present in a low concentration in surface water of regions where its usage is high and indicates the urgent need to further explore fate, accumulation and its continuous low level exposure impacts on the environment to generate reliable database which is key in drafting new regulation and policies to protect the population from further exposure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Urinary Pesticide Concentrations Among Children, Mothers and Fathers Living in Farm and Non-Farm Households in Iowa
Brian D. Curwin,Misty J. Hein,Wayne T. Sanderson,Cynthia A. F. Striley,Dick Heederik,Hans Kromhout,Stephen J. Reynolds,Michael C. R. Alavanja +7 more
TL;DR: Urinary metabolite concentration was positively associated with pesticide dust concentration in the homes for all pesticides except atrazine in farm mothers; however, the associations were generally not significant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occupational Pesticide Exposures and Respiratory Health
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identified a number of respiratory symptoms and diseases that have been associated with occupational pesticide exposures and found evidence for a link between occupational pesticide exposure and chronic bronchitis or COPD.
References
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TL;DR: The Agricultural Health Study, a large prospective cohort study has been initiated in North Carolina and Iowa and it is estimated that when the total cohort is assembled in 1997 it will include approximately 75,000 adult study subjects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pesticides and cancer
TL;DR: A review of epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between chemical pesticides and cancer is presented in this paper, where the authors identify that many pesticides are carcinogenic, while others (notably, the organochlorines DDT, chlordane, and lindane) are tumor promoters.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pesticides and childhood cancer.
Shelia Hoar Zahm,Mary H. Ward +1 more
TL;DR: Children are exposed to potentially carcinogenic pesticides from use in homes, schools, other buildings, lawns and gardens, through food and contaminated drinking water, from agricultural application drift, overspray, or off-gassing, and from carry-home exposure of parents occupationally exposed to pesticides.