Journal ArticleDOI
Use of whispering-gallery modes for complex permittivity determinations of ultra-low-loss dielectric materials
TLDR
In this paper, the relationship between resonant frequencies, dimensions of the resonant structure, and permittivity of the sample under test is calculated with a radial mode-matching technique.Abstract:
Whispering-gallery modes are used for very accurate permittivity, dielectric loss, and temperature coefficient of permittivity measurements for both isotropic and uniaxially anisotropic dielectric materials. The relationship between resonant frequencies, dimensions of the resonant structure, and permittivity of the sample under test is calculated with a radial mode-matching technique. The relative accuracy of these computations is better then 10/sup -4/. The influence of conductor losses on dielectric loss tangent determination is treated for both whispering-gallery-mode and TE/sub 01/spl delta//-mode dielectric-resonator techniques. Two permittivity tensor components of sapphire and their temperature dependence were measured from 4.2 to 300 K. The total uncertainty in permittivity when use is made of whispering-gallery modes was estimated to be less than 0.05%. The uncertainty was limited principally by uncertainty in sample dimensions. Experimental and calculated resonant frequencies of several whispering-gallery modes differed by no more than 0.01%. The dielectric loss tangent of sapphire parallel and perpendicular to its anisotropy axis was calculated to be less than 10/sup -9/ at 4.2 K. The permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of a commercially available low-loss high-permittivity ceramic material has also been measured at S- and C-band frequencies using a large number of whispering-gallery modes.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Optical resonators with whispering-gallery modes-part I: basics
TL;DR: In this article, the basic properties of dielectric whispering gallery mode resonators are reviewed for applications of the resonators in optics and photonics, as well as their applications in communication networks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Low-loss dielectric ceramic materials and their properties
TL;DR: In this paper, the data for all reported low-loss microwave dielectric ceramic materials are collected and tabulated and the table of these materials gives the relative permittivity, quality factor, temperature variation of the resonant frequency, crystal structure, sintering temperature, measurement
Journal ArticleDOI
Frequency domain complex permittivity measurements at microwave frequencies
TL;DR: In this article, an overview of frequency domain measurement techniques of the complex permittivity at microwave frequencies is presented, which are divided into two categories: resonant and non-resonant ones.
Journal ArticleDOI
Complex permittivity of some ultralow loss dielectric crystals at cryogenic temperatures
TL;DR: In this article, whispering gallery modes were used for very accurate permittivity and dielectric loss measurements of ultralow loss isotropic and uniaxially anisotropic single crystals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Traceable 2-D Finite-Element Simulation of the Whispering-Gallery Modes of Axisymmetric Electromagnetic Resonators
TL;DR: In this article, a software package for solving partial-differential-equations (PDEs), as based on the finite-element method, can be configured to efficiently calculate the frequencies and fields of the whispering-gallery (WG) modes of axisymmetric dielectric resonators.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis and Evaluation of a Method of Measuring the Complex Permittivity and Permeability Microwave Insulators
TL;DR: In this article, a resonant post technique for characterizing dielectric and magnetic materials at microwave frequencies was proposed and experimental results of the temperature dependence of the relative dielectrics constant of nonmagnetic materials with /spl epsilon/sub r/, varying from 4 to 60, and also loss tangent measurements at room temperature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental observation of fundamental microwave absorption in high-quality dielectric crystals
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental study of small microwave losses (tan δ ≈ 10−4−10−9) in high-quality dielectric single crystals was devoted to the experimental analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dielectric properties of single crystals of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, LaAlO/sub 3/, NdGaO/sub 3/, SrTiO/sub 3/, and MgO at cryogenic temperatures
TL;DR: In this article, a dielectric resonator technique was used for measurements of the permittivity and loss tangent of one crystalline ferroelectric substrate, SrTiO/sub 3, in the temperature range 20-300 K at microwave frequencies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The accurate measurement of permittivity by means of an open resonator
Alexander Lamb Cullen,P. K. Yu +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for the measurement of permittivity at microwave frequencies using an open resonator is proposed, and an experimental procedure is developed, and a thorough experimental study of the method has shown that experimental errors can be made very small indeed.
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