Journal ArticleDOI
Utility of pedometers for assessing physical activity: convergent validity.
TLDR
The accumulated evidence herein provides ample support that the simple and inexpensive pedometer is a valid option for assessing physical activity in research and practice.Abstract:
Valid assessment of physical activity is important to researchers and practitioners interested in surveillance, screening, programme evaluation and intervention. The validity of an assessment instrument is commonly considered its most important attribute. Convergent validity is the extent to which an instrument’s output is associated with that of other instruments intended to measure the same exposure of interest. A systematic review of the literature produced 25 articles directly relevant to the question of convergent validity of pedometers against accelerometers, observation, and self-reported measures of physical activity. Reported correlations were pooled and a median r-value was computed. Pedometers correlate strongly (median r = 0.86) with different accelerometers (specifically uniaxial accelerometers) depending on the specific instruments used, monitoring frame and conditions implemented, and the manner in which the outputs are expressed. Pedometers also correlate strongly (median r = 0.82) with time in observed activity. Time in observed inactivity correlated negatively with pedometer outputs (median r = -0.44). The relationship with observed steps taken depended upon monitoring conditions and speed of walking. The highest agreement was apparent during ambulatory activity (running, walking) or during sitting (when both observation and pedometers would register few steps taken). There was consistent evidence of reduced accuracy during slow walking. Pedometers correlate moderately with different measures of energy expenditure (median r = 0.68). The relationship between pedometer outputs and energy expenditure is complicated by the use of many different direct and indirect measures of energy expenditure and population samples. Concordance with self-reported physical activity (median r = 0.33) varied depending upon the self-report instrument used, individuals assessed, and how pedometer outputs are expressed (e.g. steps, distance travelled, energy expenditure). Pedometer output has an inverse relationship with reported time spent sitting (r = -0.38). The accumulated evidence herein provides ample support that the simple and inexpensive pedometer is a valid option for assessing physical activity in research and practice.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Expert Committee Recommendations Regarding the Prevention, Assessment, and Treatment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity: Summary Report
TL;DR: These recommendations recognize the importance of social and environmental change to reduce the obesity epidemic but also identify ways healthcare providers and health care systems can be part of broader efforts.
Journal ArticleDOI
How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices for public health.
TL;DR: This article evaluates popular recommendations for steps/day and attempts to translate existing physical activity guidelines into steps/ day equivalents and proposes the following preliminary indices be used to classify pedometer-determined physical activity in healthy adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of physical activity on cognitive function in older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease: a randomized trial.
Nicola T. Lautenschlager,Kay L. Cox,Leon Flicker,Jonathan K. Foster,Frank M. van Bockxmeer,Jianguo Xiao,Kathryn R. Greenop,Osvaldo P. Almeida +7 more
TL;DR: In this study of adults with subjective memory impairment, a 6-month program of physical activity provided a modest improvement in cognition over an 18-month follow-up period.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of Child and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity
Nancy F. Krebs,John H. Himes,Dawn Jacobson,Theresa A. Nicklas,Patricia Guilday,Dennis M. Styne +5 more
TL;DR: This report is intended to provide a comprehensive approach to assessment and to present the evidence available to support key aspects of assessment, based on >300 studies published since 1995, which examined an array of assessment tools.
Journal ArticleDOI
How many steps/day are enough? for adults
Catrine Tudor-Locke,Cora L Craig,Wendy J. Brown,Stacy A. Clemes,Katrien De Cocker,Billie Giles-Corti,Yoshiro Hatano,Shigeru Inoue,Sandra Matsudo,Nanette Mutrie,Jean-Michel Oppert,David A. Rowe,Michael D. Schmidt,Michael D. Schmidt,Grant Schofield,John C. Spence,Pedro J. Teixeira,Mark A. Tully,Steven N. Blair +18 more
TL;DR: The purpose of this review was to update existing knowledge of "How many steps/day are enough?", and to inform step-based recommendations consistent with current physical activity guidelines.
References
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Book
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
TL;DR: The concepts of power analysis are discussed in this paper, where Chi-square Tests for Goodness of Fit and Contingency Tables, t-Test for Means, and Sign Test are used.
Journal ArticleDOI
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
TL;DR: This transmutability of the validation matrix argues for the comparisons within the heteromethod block as the most generally relevant validation data, and illustrates the potential interchangeability of trait and method components.
Journal ArticleDOI
Calibration of the Computer Science and Applications, Inc. accelerometer.
TL;DR: These data provide a template on which patterns of activity can be classified into intensity levels using the CSA accelerometer, and help to predict energy expenditure at any treadmill speed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of physical activity by self-report: status, limitations, and future directions.
James F. Sallis,Brian E. Saelens +1 more
TL;DR: In the present review, self-reports are defined as selfadministered or interviewer-administered recall questionnaires, activity logs or diaries, and proxy reports (typically used to assess young children).
Journal ArticleDOI
CHAMPS physical activity questionnaire for older adults: outcomes for interventions.
Anita L. Stewart,Kristin M. Mills,Abby C. King,William L. Haskell,Dawn Gillis,Philip L. Ritter +5 more
TL;DR: A self-report physical activity questionnaire for older men and women developed to evaluate the outcomes of the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS), an intervention to increase physical activity, finds the CHAMPS measure may be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of programs aimed at increasing levels of physical activity in older adults.